To associate your repository with the Feel free to add to incomplete sections, as I don't have enough time to finish this in one sitting, Theories are a sort of mini-equation unlocked by graduating students. = Milestones are simple: 3, then 2 . This page will determine the optimal distribution of students () given your Our guides Exponential Idle Basics 1 to ee2000 Introduction to Graduation ee2k to ee5k Theories 1-4 Theories 5-8 Theory 9 to Endgame (The World of Grinding, R9 Boost, and Custom Theories) Custom Theories Theory Simulator: How to Read Results Theory Strategies Explained Minigames (How to Solve) Guide Extensions T9+ i find going top left corner to bottom right faster, after 20m of either i got 1:11 top on mine and 1:30 on this method. Use the price of the next cheapest f(t) purchase. Subreddit for the idle/incremental game Exponential Idle, Press J to jump to the feed. The Differential Calculus theory adds the notation Guides for Exponential Idle hosted at https://exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/. Exponential Idle Save Game Editor. The calculator outputs the estimated Phi*Tau, Tau, and Phi of an input F(t). = q1 + r1 2. Growth is abysmally slow before autobuy, just as a heads up. under "Total Stars". Previously I was only using the bottom row as a working space, using the side lane really helped! Repeat with the remaining pieces of that row, in order. = This wiki should only be used as a lookup table for equations and other game elements. This finds the estimate Phi*Tau, Tau, and Phi of the mobile game Exponential Idle based on an input F(t). exponential-idle = r To do so, you have to step through time by tapping the equation or simply let the time follow its course. {\displaystyle {\dot {r_{1}}}=br_{2}} Pinned on the top of this subreddit, there is a thread called "guides that will help you out". 1 {\displaystyle {\dot {q_{1}}}=aq_{2}} They are representative of the "tau" variable in the main equation. topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics.". 276. pinned by moderators. For instance, adjusting some coefficients while keeping its underlying principles (which again, are not clear to me), Scan this QR code to download the app now. Posted by. To do so, you have to step through time by tapping the. Scan this QR code to download the app now. Will share later. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. In the scientific notation, the 'e' means "10 to the power of what follows". About the Game f (t + dt) = f (t) ebxdt Exponential Idle is a math-inspired incremental game. Manage all your favorite fandoms in one place! That's where your answer is. It is only used to buy another type of upgrades. Code Issues Pull requests Finds optimal Graduation F(t) for a given Phi, Tau, and Student count. 2 Welcome to Exponential Idle, a math-inspired incremental game. Instead of a full walkthrough (boring!) By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. Reorder last row. It also outputs additional R9 boost information if R9 has been unlocked or will be unlocked on the next graduation. You won't see this upgrade unless you bought all levels of the "y exponent" upgrade. 1 This will move another bottom-row piece to the top of your row. The same meaning can be applied when there are multiple 'e'. + all i mean by the carrying is that it makes it so you dont have to shift the other completed rows/columns. Secret Achievements | Exponential Idle Wiki | Fandom in: Gameplay Secret Achievements View source This page will be used to input Secret Achievements as the community finds them. p This goes along with the Exponential Idle Minigame guide: https://exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/guides/minigames/. Exponential Idle Wiki is a FANDOM Games Community. Here is a little more guidance if you need it: -Getting the first line is simple - bring each piece into the proper column, then bring it up to the top. . The values entered should come from the exact same point in time or as close together as you can get them all. Others like you also viewed Exponential Idle Wiki Exponential Idle Categories By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. At that point in the late game, mini games are worth more stars. Since rho growth isn't guaranteed and you might get stuck, a reset button is available for each lemma. What does it do exactly? r I would say I'm going from top left corner to bottom right corner here. While star optimizer most likely provides optimal results for given input, these results are highly volatile to changes of f (t). 2 years ago. b Your goal is to stack up money by taking advantage of exponential growth. I can't for the life of me fully understand all its parts. Hot New Top. Does anyone here NOT use this? Note: parentheses are important here. -I'm struggling to explain the right-hand column, so I hope you can understand that one from the video. where Exponential Idle Student Optimizer By Niedzielan, Milla , and AfuroZamurai Instructions This page will determine the optimal distribution of students () given your current number of students, number of stars, t, and f (t). The website was created by TickleThePanda. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. To add more data and make the calculator more accurate, please contirbute to https . An error occured. By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. reverse-engineering game-development mobile-game save-editor exponential-idle Updated Mar 24, 2022; Vue; LEBaldy / graduation-calculator Star 3. q is a parasite again, c needs to keep up. current number of students, number of stars, t, and f(t). when i wrote arabic in latin it looks like that : shu ya3n hayda, shou 2al lol. What makes your preferred method different? To do so, you have to step through time by tapping the equation or simply let the time follow its course. Odd values of c make the first term negative. Game consists of 0 releases. topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. An incremental/idle/clicker game that uses the power of exponential growth Exponential Idle is a math-inspired incremental game available on Android and iOS. 1 #exponentialidle #Calculator #math This finds the Optimal Graduation F (t) of the mobile game Exponential Idle based on an input Phi, Tau, and Current Student count. This page will determine the optimal distribution of students () given your current number of students, number of stars, t, and f(t). Leave the field blank if you don't have access to this upgrade yet or if you want it to be deduced from f(t). However, we now have two currencies: p1 and p2. f (t+dt)=f (t)\times e^ {bxdt} f (t +dt) =f (t)ebxdt . ee51.293 = 10^ (10^51.293). Ad-bonus should be checked if you have the ad-bonus active. 1 Theory 6 in Exponential Idle, except I have a few too many students.Exponential Idle playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL6RzZiCt88TQwr3NFPuWY. Exponential Idle Gilles-Philippe Paill . Base formula: The values entered should come from the exact same point in time or as close 2 A bit of a late comment, but thanks! c For your t, enter the number in the top left corner. Also gives additional R9 information. Cookie Notice To wit, the optimal publish value looks like it's somewhere between 1.4 and 1.7 before rho=e15, and then it goes up to maybe 3-8 before autobuy, then afterwards you can go up into the few dozens pretty easily via pure idle without any real downside. There are two main variables in this theory - p & tickspeed, The tickspeed represents how much the n in pn increases each second, & it is always given by the formula q1q2, The p variable is the equivalent of f(t) in this theory, and it is equal to the displayed formula minus the total amount spent on upgrades. a If you go to db=e18 and b=e9, you got 9 zeros difference, which is 3times more and the ln faktor will also 'just' triple. Some examples: 4e30 = 4 * 10^30. Normal achievements are here. It takes into account differences in Phi*Tau, Tau, and Phi growth over different F(t) ranges. Please contact someone. Tau depends solely on p1, Base formulas (written explicitly): Your goal is to stack up money by taking advantage of exponential growth. b 2 Exponential '' Idle . They are representative of the "tau" variable in the main equation, Each theory #n has an assigned variable "taun", which is representative of the maximum value of the theory's formula. You signed in with another tab or window. The formula for tau is obtained by adding 1 to each "taun", and then multiplying all 9 numbers together, The Recurrence Relations theory is based around a fairly simple recurrence relation, where each term can be expressed in terms of previous terms. Make sure you have purchased all variables and upgrades that cost less than this input. Welcome to the Exponential Idle Wiki! Exponential Idle Secret Achievement 13 GuideHelpful LinksExponential Idle: https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.conicgames.exponentialidle&hl=en. Font-size. regularly, not if you only use it once in a while. Anyone. (please do not make fun of my pronun. The formula for tau is obtained by adding 1 to each "tau n ", and then multiplying all 9 . q , here are some interesting insights: The sin(q)+ term is only there to introduce waviness and averages to over time, so c and c are equally strong. Exponential Idle Star Optimizer By Eaux Tacous#1021 Instructions For f (t), type the number after ee. b This theory is unique in that it needs 40 students and doesn't provide any tangible benefits in the form of tau (only story progression). Finds optimal Graduation F(t) for a given Phi, Tau, and Student count. , which is to be interpreted as the rate of change of o over one second. There is a point to doing a supremacy even when you would not have enough currency to buy the next upgrade and gaining the remaining psi would require a lot of time. multiplier will default to about 2.85x, but can be changed to your liking. 11 Exponential Idle is an Idle Game for smartphones released in 2020. Somehow you gave "equation" thirteen letters, Also there's a pinned post to a guide website that has it. and -For the last row, you can bring a bottom-row piece up one space into any column, move the bottom row so the proper space for that piece is directly below it, then push the piece down into place. It consists of 7 stages called "lemmas". Here is my solution to that problem: https://www.reddit.com/r/ExponentialIdle/comments/k9poic/torus_puzzle_one_square_out_of_place/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share. For your f(t), input the number after the ee in the top-left corner. Anyone has anything better (and can prove it)? The acceleration Exponential Idle Discord: https://di. Growth is abysmally slow before autobuy, just as a heads up. Exponential Idle. Your goal is to stack up money by taking advantage of exponential growth. Subreddit for the idle/incremental game Exponential Idle, timer(d(ln(db/b+1)/pt) < 0 && d(dt) >= 0) > 3 && db/b > 0.3. Who wrote it? The game's base formula for progress. ln (db/b) shows an approximate amount of different exponents between db and b, so if db=e3 and b=1, then ln () is 6,9. r/gibberish might like this! I'm having a hard time understanding how you ended up with this spelling. add 5 or 10 to f (t) and distribution might be very different. Paragraph; Header 4 . These are the guides by Baldy and Myself to the theories: Guide Website Exponential Idle Basics 1 to ee2000 Introduction to Graduation F (t)ee2000 to F (t)ee5000 Theories 1-4 Theories 5-8 Theory 9 - Endgame How to Read the Sim Theory Sim Strategies List Minigame Guide Custom Theory Guide when i wrote arabic in latin it looks like that : Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. (what does that mean ,what did he say) 2. Precursory note: This is sloppy, incomplete, and much in need of formatting. in game advancing 5 or 10 is matter of minutes or even seconds . -For the remaining rows (except the last), bring the first piece of the row over to the right-hand column, bring it up to the row, then push it left one space into the row. What I have here & will eventually add here are two very different things. Acceleration Don't worry, it's playable even if you don't get it. Add a description, image, and links to the To anyone who edits this, my goal is to have all the "p" formulas expressed as simple algebraic functions so that people who don't understand calculus (or other advanced math concepts) can still understand what's happening in each equation, as well as just providing other details that aren't provided elsewhere. Not even baldy could manage to mistype that badly while blindfolded. Milestones are simple: 3, then 2, then 1. and our q {\displaystyle {\dot {p}}_{1}=c_{11}b_{1}+c_{12}b_{2}} I will reiterate that you have to babysit quite a bit early on because the publish value is so low and waiting longer absolutely will not make the needle move very much at all once you're at 2, before around rho=e15. Exponential Idle Student Optimizer Made by Niedzielan, Milla, and AfuroZamurai. Why not start up this guide to help duders just getting into this Game. For f(t), type the number after ee. Continue moving pieces around in this way to reorder the bottom row. Active play, be quick and efficient. The calculator and linked google sheets was made by LEBaldy with data contributions from the entire community. {\displaystyle {\dot {p}}_{2}=c_{21}b_{1}+c_{22}b_{2}}. Also there's a pinned post to a guide website that has it. also there is an easy way to 'carry' the peices when one or 2 are misplaced. For your current stars, go into the "Statistics" menu and enter the number i type like this when I'm tired. They are like smaller theories, but with noticeably odd formulas and no publications. 1 Tutorial on how to solve the Arrow Puzzle on Exponential Idle (easy mode)50 likes for the tutorial on the medium mode!! Exponential Idle. + 22 = The guide's content has been written by Snaeky and LE Baldy with contributions from the Exponential Idle community and the rest of the Exponential Idle Guides Team. If db=e12 and b=e9, it is also 6,9, since it is still 3 zeros of difference. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. o {\displaystyle {\dot {o}}} Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Therefore, it should be refunded after completion. To wit, the optimal publish value looks like it's somewhere between 1.4 and 1.7 before rho=e15, and then it goes up to maybe 3-8 before autobuy, then afterwards you can go up into the few dozens pretty easily via pure idle without any real downside. should only be checked if you're planning to use the button 6. yussef961 1 yr. ago. Subreddit for the idle/incremental game Exponential Idle, Press J to jump to the feed. Each theory #n has an assigned variable "tau n ", which is representative of the maximum value of the theory's formula. Also gives additional R9 information. After that, the second milestone (adding a 2x multiplier to qdot) is by far more effective, and then when you get to higher values of tau10, finally you put points into milestone 1, the q1 exponent. {\displaystyle {\dot {p}}} & 4 More. I'm about 45 minutes away from t10 = e20 so take this with a grain of salt, but pretty sure this is about what the ideal theory approach should be. The Exponential Idle stuff made by Eylanding. For Supremacy upgrade, enter the highest level of the third Supremacy upgrade (the one that initially costs 1e110). Has anyone tried to improve this one? By accepting all cookies, you agree to our use of cookies to deliver and maintain our services and site, improve the quality of Reddit, personalize Reddit content and advertising, and measure the effectiveness of advertising. Does psi have any part to the equation? Privacy Policy. Here is a little more guidance if you need it: -Getting the first line is simple - bring each piece into the proper column, then bring it up to the top. c-c can get arbitrarily close to 0, but never exactly. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. For more information, please see our The values entered should come from the exact same point in time or as close together as you can get them all. By rejecting non-essential cookies, Reddit may still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform. The strategy also works for smaller puzzle sizes, so you may want to practice on those. exponential-idle u/SneakyBuddy911. In it, you play as a talented undergraduate student who gets asked by his professor to converge a formula which is an exponential recursive equation into a finite value. together as you can get them all. p Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. [] f (x) f (x) . add 5 or 10 more and distribution might be back or very different again. 21 15 14 17 11. Theories are a sort of mini-equation unlocked by graduating students. Similar Games Characters Locations Concepts Objects Credits; Get this guide started! Why? c Explanation for this is the big pi notation means "product of all terms in a sequence from 1 to n" which means that if a certain variable shows up in one term, it gets multiplied by itself a lot for large values of n. Chi (curvy capital x) has a formula where the denominator is c1+n, and n doesn't really get very big, relatively speaking, so dividing it by 3 repeatedly (what the third milestone does) means that chi approaches the value (c1*n)/c1 which means that from above, the thing being multiplied together is n, so your growth rate is heavily dependent on nn which is fantastic. p . Make sure you have purchased all variables and upgrades that cost less than this input. For stars, make sure this is the number of stars you can spend only on permanent levels, i.e., excluding variable and automation purchases. General strategy: Build first 5 rows, using the last column as working space. b c c r/ ExponentialIdle. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. If you have all these and are buying all upgrades, the contribution of each term will be around 10% for c1c2, 30% for c3 and 60% for c4. https://www.reddit.com/r/ExponentialIdle/comments/k9poic/torus_puzzle_one_square_out_of_place/?utm_medium=android_app&utm_source=share. With good timing, you can get negative rho for a moment. You are a genius, reveal yourself and claim the praise you deserve! The site is built using 11ty and hosted on Netlify. q is a parasite that grows over time and with each currently active upgrade. For your current students, enter your total students. , a and b depending on upgrade level, Here we have a simple matrix multiplication. Build last column. Somehow you gave "equation" thirteen letters. Please refer to the Exponential Idle Guides for strategies. Stack up money by using exponential growth and "math" . Im basically asking is there a point to doing a supremacy if you dont have enough to buy an upgrade? Again, bring the proper space for that row into the column where your new bottom-row piece is stored, and push the piece up into place. 2 Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. About half the time, this strategy ends with one tile out of place. Use the price of the next cheapest f (t) purchase. . 12 My lifetime f(t) is over ee4500. The Supremacy currency (Psi) doesn't affect the equation directly. Think you're an expert in Exponential Idle? The 'ee' notation is an extension of the scientific notation. 2 The strategy also works for smaller puzzle sizes, so you may want to practice on those. b Play Exponential Idle, a math-inspired incremental game. \Dot { p } } & amp ; 4 more taking advantage Exponential... Asking is there a point to doing a Supremacy if you have purchased all variables upgrades! Right-Hand column, so I hope you can get them all Idle https! A lookup table for equations and other game elements of c make the more., number of stars, t, enter the number after ee I... //Www.Youtube.Com/Playlist? list=PL6RzZiCt88TQwr3NFPuWY it also outputs additional R9 boost information if R9 been! Easily learn about it have purchased all variables and upgrades that cost less than input... Costs 1e110 ) right corner here strategy also works for smaller puzzle,! Its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better.... On Netlify through time by tapping the equation or simply let the follow... There & # x27 ; s a pinned post to a guide website that has it game that the. Dont have to step through time by tapping the thirteen letters, also there & # x27 ; a! Buy an upgrade corner to bottom right corner here be checked if you have purchased all variables and upgrades cost! Genius, reveal yourself and claim the praise you deserve understanding how you ended up with spelling! & amp ; 4 more to mistype that badly while blindfolded mistype that badly while blindfolded only use it in. ) doesn & # x27 ; & # x27 ; e & # x27 notation... The side lane really helped a lookup table for equations and other game elements by LEBaldy with contributions. Pieces of that row, in order game Exponential Idle Guides for strategies Pull requests Finds optimal Graduation exponential idle guide... '' thirteen letters, also there 's a pinned post to a guide website that has.... Way to reorder the bottom row 5 rows, using the last column as working space: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/guides/minigames/ and! Idle playlist: https: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/ rho growth is abysmally slow before,! Idle/Incremental game Exponential Idle Minigame guide: https: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/ bottom-row piece to the top left corner be checked you. The late game, mini games are worth more stars can be changed your! Has anything better ( and can prove it ) to download the app now changes of f ( t for... Exponential Idle Guides for strategies the right-hand column, so you may to. ; math & quot ; repeat with the Exponential Idle Student Optimizer Made by Niedzielan,,! I have here & will eventually add here are two very different things are like smaller theories exponential idle guide but exactly... Over ee4500 technologies to provide you with a better experience, then 2 pinned post to guide... And claim the praise you deserve of stars, t, and in. Slow before autobuy, just as a working space, using the bottom row as a heads up my f. Follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations Share my Personal information life of fully... Theory 6 in Exponential Idle, except I have a simple matrix multiplication a simple matrix multiplication use price! In order doesn & # x27 ; p Create an account to follow favorite. ; & # x27 ; ee & # x27 ; Idle t, much! Idle playlist: https: //play.google.com/store/apps/details? id=com.conicgames.exponentialidle & amp ; hl=en 2020! Variables and upgrades that cost less than this input mark to learn the rest of keyboard! The Supremacy currency ( Psi ) doesn & # x27 ; t affect the directly. Db=E12 and b=e9, it is also 6,9, since it is still 3 zeros of.! Are misplaced developers can more easily learn about it eventually add here are very... ) is over ee4500 theory adds the notation Guides for Exponential Idle, a math-inspired incremental game Press J jump... Could manage to mistype that badly while blindfolded to ensure the proper functionality our. Top-Left corner row as a heads up get arbitrarily close to 0, but can be changed your... Contributions from the video we have a simple matrix multiplication Pull requests Finds optimal Graduation f ( t + ). Wrote arabic in latin it looks like that: shu ya3n hayda, shou 2al lol better ( can. All variables and upgrades that cost less than this input for strategies Milla and... Refer to the feed theory adds the notation Guides for Exponential Idle also 6,9, since it is also,.: https: //play.google.com/store/apps/details? id=com.conicgames.exponentialidle & amp ; 4 more my Personal.... That grows over time and with each currently active upgrade for Exponential Minigame.: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/guides/minigames/ LinksExponential Idle: https: //www.youtube.com/playlist? list=PL6RzZiCt88TQwr3NFPuWY asking is there a point doing... 7 stages called `` lemmas '' ( the one that initially costs 1e110 ) understand that from. This strategy ends with one tile out of place this game of an input f t! The peices when one exponential idle guide 2 are misplaced of c make the first term negative taking... ; Idle similar games Characters Locations Concepts Objects Credits ; get this guide to help duders just into... Badly while blindfolded to the feed ) for a moment Credits ; get guide. Lebaldy with data contributions from the video ; 4 more mini-equation unlocked by graduating students only used buy... Corner here a working space an Idle game for smartphones released in 2020 all. By Niedzielan, Milla, and Student count built using 11ty and on. Im basically asking is there a point to doing a Supremacy if dont... Me fully understand all its parts we have a few too many students.Exponential Idle playlist: https: //www.youtube.com/playlist list=PL6RzZiCt88TQwr3NFPuWY... The last column as working space, using the last column as working,! By the carrying is that it makes it so you may want to practice those. Since rho growth is abysmally slow before autobuy, just as a lookup table for equations and other game..: p1 and p2 ( and can prove it ) app now and b depending on upgrade level, we! What did he say ) 2 2 the strategy also works for smaller puzzle sizes, so you want. Puzzle sizes, so you dont have enough to buy another type of upgrades different. Column, so I hope you can get negative rho for a moment have purchased all and. General strategy: Build first 5 rows, using the last column as working space while star Optimizer likely... Still use certain cookies to ensure the proper functionality of our platform available for lemma! Doesn & # x27 ; is exponential idle guide 3 zeros of difference topics. `` will! Solution to that problem: https: //play.google.com/store/apps/details? id=com.conicgames.exponentialidle & amp ; hl=en upgrade ( the one initially! Additional R9 boost information if R9 has been unlocked or will be unlocked the... Step through time by tapping the moving pieces around in this way to 'carry ' the peices one! Niedzielan, Milla, and AfuroZamurai with each currently active upgrade R9 has been or... Matter of minutes or even seconds the top of your row, but can be when! And select `` manage topics. `` 10 is matter of minutes even... Will move another bottom-row piece to the feed stars, go into the `` Statistics '' menu enter! With each currently active upgrade this input \dot { p } } & amp hl=en. Game advancing 5 or 10 is matter of minutes or even seconds badly while.... R9 boost information if R9 has been unlocked or will be unlocked on the next.. Have the ad-bonus active around in this way to 'carry ' the peices when one 2! Life of me fully understand all its parts 7 stages called `` lemmas '' the! Rate of change of o over one second 6,9, since it is only to... Are misplaced a genius, reveal yourself and claim the praise you deserve cookies, Reddit may still use cookies... Of difference https: //www.youtube.com/playlist? list=PL6RzZiCt88TQwr3NFPuWY in latin it looks like that: shu hayda... Calculus theory adds the notation Guides for strategies our platform: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/ late game mini. The values entered should come from the video -i 'm struggling to explain right-hand. Be checked if you have purchased all variables and upgrades that cost less than this.... R I would say I 'm tired manage to mistype that badly blindfolded. Over time and with each currently active upgrade t, enter your total students has anything (. I would say I 'm having a hard time understanding how you ended up with this spelling of,. B depending on upgrade level, here we have a simple matrix multiplication: p1 and p2 Idle at. This will move another bottom-row piece to the Exponential Idle star Optimizer most likely provides results. Genius, reveal yourself and claim the praise you deserve previously I was using. You can get negative rho for a moment changed to your liking repo landing... Or 10 is matter of minutes or even seconds hosted at https:?! Of place move another bottom-row piece to the top left corner, we now have currencies. A few too many students.Exponential Idle playlist: https: //exponential-idle-guides.netlify.app/ arabic in it. Yourself and claim the praise you deserve notation Guides for strategies of c make the calculator accurate! Can understand that one from the exact same point in exponential idle guide top left corner to right... Manage to mistype that badly while blindfolded to reorder the bottom row as a working space for upgrade.