The first step in dealing with verbal abuse is to recognize the abuse. Bullying can occur through written, verbal or electronically transmitted expression or by means of a physical act or gesture. In addition to intent, mentioned above, what exactly about the contact made it offensive? If you have been charged with assault by threat or assault by contact and you have learned that the alleged victim does not want to prosecute, the alleged victim should contact your criminal attorney. If you were able to identify any type of verbal abuse in your relationship, it's important to acknowledge that first and foremost. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. If you feel a crime has been committed, call EAMC Security and or Military Police: Military Police 911 for emergency or 791-4380. Parents tell their children to be quiet or else. The Hobbs Act is the federal statute relating to extortion. A threat could be used to prove your intentions to harm another person, In many states, death threats fall under the criminal threats described above. The definition of a verbal threat is when the issuer of the threat makes a statement indicating that they wish to cause someone physical harm. U.S. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Talk to a Lawyer If you are facing a charge for However, they will only remove the aggressor or refer you to state services. Defendants might be able to argue that they had no intent to communicate a true threat, rather it was just a joke or a matter of blowing off steam. She has tutored English and History, as well as STEM classes, such as Statics, Calculus, and Thermodynamics. It was meant as a joke. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Most people assume that if they were being verbally abused they would know about it. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Following through on a threat How do you deal with verbal abuse in the workplace? The threat indicates that another person will suffer imminent physical harm. We pledge to provide personalized assistance when doing so does not compromise care to others. What if it is merely an exchange of words between two people and someone overreacts? intentionally, knowingly or recklessly causes bodily injury to another; intentionally or knowingly causes another to reasonably fear imminent bodily 4 What can I do if my parents forced me into marriage? To prove that someone is guilty of making criminal threats, a prosecutor needs to be able to show that they willfully threatened to kill or hurt another person. I will be threating. Create your account, 8 chapters | If threats have been happening in your workplace inform your supervisor, your director, the commander or call security. How many times have we misinterpreted someones actions only to learn that they were not directing their comments or contact toward us at all? Medical records? Even after the report is filed, many dads are still left wondering how to get the child back from the non-custodial parent. Criminal threats are made with the intent of placing someone in fear of injury or death. When can Commonwealth citizens join the British Army? Verbal threats may be considered criminal threats if they meet the following criteria: The threat must indicate that another person will suffer imminent physical harm, the threat must be directed toward a witness that is due to testify in court, the threat must be specific and genuine, and the threat must alter the lifestyle or quality of life of the threatened person. We pledge to accept and respond in a timely manner to every correspondence in written, verbal, or electronic form. Well start with charges and penalties. Verbal abuse and psychological disorders among nursing student interns in KSA. 2014;30(2):256-260. WebStates must prove more than the mere utterance of threatening words some level of intent is required, she wrote. Determined to provide high quality, complex, patient-centered healthcare services, Deliver readiness through sustained medical education and multidisciplinary care, Enthusiastically perform our daily duties while working with the best health care partners, Attend to the needs of our patients, their Families, and each other, Motivated to excel in our work ethic, drive innovation, and continue education in our chosen professions, Care for our community, each other, and the mission. intentionally or knowingly causes physical contact with another, and a Iram Rizvi SF, Najam N. Parental psychological abuse toward children and mental health problems in adolescence. 2020;15(1):66-74. doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.12.007. Go to a friends or the home of a trusted family member. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, attempting to gain money, property, or something of value, by threatening another with personal or reputational harm. We all know that the general crime of assault requires the State of Texas to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that you intentionally or knowingly contacted another person in a manner that caused physical pain. If you are facing verbal assault charges, our attorneys at Patton and For example: If you received an Assault by Contact Family Member citation and decided it was not that big of a deal so you paid the fine and moved on, you could be at risk for being charged with a felony in the future. Blame. they had threated. You have a right to a jury trial in the situation and your experience criminal defense lawyer may be able to convince the jury that your case is petty and should be thrown out. What if you have been charged with Aggravated Assault by Threat and the implied threat of the weapon in your hand was done solely for the purpose of defending yourself from aggressive actions by the alleged victim? Your lawyer might be able to argue that the underlying criminal statute is unconstitutional because it's vague or overbroad. Harassment in the workplace or anywhere else includes any pattern of physical and/or non-physical behaviors that (a) are intended to cause fear, humiliation, or annoyance, (b) offend or degrade, (c) create a hostile environment or (d) reflect discriminatory bias in an attempt to establish dominance, superiority, or power over an individual or group based on gender, race, ethnicity, culture, religion, sexual orientation, gender expression, or mental or physical disability. - Definition, Examples & Laws, What is Economic Botany? We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Employees don't report workplace threats until it's too late. You may find yourself in hot water even if you Defendants charged with extortion or a similar crime have the usual defenses available to all criminal defendants, such as "Someone else committed this crime," or "The alleged conduct did not occur.". The threat alters the lifestyle or quality of life of the threatened person. may also disclose the content of any electronic communication that is If the boss now feels nervous every day at work when they have to interact with the employee, this affects their quality of life and provides even more evidence that this verbal threat is also criminal. Beck JG, McNiff J, Clapp JD, Olsen SA, Avery ML, Hagewood JH. The law may impose even harsher penalties if the threat results in an evacuation, emergency response, bodily harm to someone, or a serious public inconvenience (like shutting down a subway line). In the case of Texas, however, most verbal assault cases are Class C misdemeanors that carry a $500 fine. But there is more to verbal abuse than people realize. evidence of threatening intent has never been easier to obtain. you have to assume you are being recorded. Penalties for extortion vary by state. injury; or. This verbal threat is a criminal threat as well, because it is specific, indicates another person will suffer imminent physical harm, and will alter the lifestyle or quality of life of the threatened person. You then see the person in the other car get out and start to charge you aggressively. You may also want to come up with a safety plan in case the abuse escalates when you break things off. The threat alone can get you into trouble if its target feels their life was in danger. While verbal The threat was made in a variety of ways. Unless the alleged victim is in aprotected category(elderly, disabled, pregnant, or an athlete), the charge you face for Assault By Contact is a Class C misdemeanor, the maximum penalty for which is a$500 fine. It doesn't matter if the defendant intends to carry out the threat. In some states, merely making a threat is enough to qualify as a crime, whether or not the victim felt fearful. There are jobs at stake, potential lawsuits to ponder, and two sides to every story. However, if you are thinking about contacting the police because youre being hit by your parents, then call the police. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. When most people imagine an assault, they think of one person physically harming another. For example: You are driving home from work, and someone cuts in front of you and slams on their brakes. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. The attorney listings on this site are paid attorney advertising. A verbal threat becomes a criminal threat under the following circumstances and become assault: The threat indicates that another will suffer imminent physical harm When this happens, the person is attempting to control and punish the victim by refusing to talk to them. Understand what is considered a verbal threat, if verbally threatening someone is a crime, and see examples of verbal threats. Verbal abuse can take many different forms, including: While not an exhaustive list, these are several examples of the common types of verbal abuse that can occur. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". The circumstances and facts surrounding the threat also help to show the actor's intent. Angie, afraid for her life, calls the police. In some instances, a defendant's non-verbal body language, gestures, or actions have been enough to communicate a threat. Verbal abuse is a means of controlling and maintaining power over another person. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Assault often is followed by battery, which is defined as What was his/her initial response to the threat? The speaker threatens to harm or kill the listener or the listeners family; The speakers threat is specific and unambiguous; The listener has reasonable belief and fear that the speaker will carry their threat out; and. A knowledgeable attorney can also advise you on how the law will apply to your set of facts. What was the exact wording, if possible, of the threat? Those who experience verbal abuse as children may experience feelings of worthlessness, difficulty trusting others, and problems regulating their emotions as adults. If you or a loved one are a victim of domestic violence, contact theNational Domestic Violence Hotlineat1-800-799-7233for confidential assistance from trained advocates. A person who merely made a mistake of fact or a miscalculation does not have corrupt intent. carries out the threat while armed with a deadly weapon or makes the victim believe the same is true, makes a threat of retaliation against a judge, officer, juror, lawyer, or other public safety or court official. It is critical to know what Texas law says about assault. The laws regarding verbal threats vary from state to state. What are the specific elements of the crime of assault? 2017;87(1):86-93. doi:10.1037/ort0000225. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. A lawyer can evaluate the strength of the prosecution's case against you and help develop any defenses that might apply to the unique circumstances of your case. Speak to a criminal defense lawyer as soon as possible. A number of studies have shown that children who are verbally abused, either at home or by their peers at school, are at a greater risk for depression and anxiety as adults. Get out of the house right away. These types of actions can result in felony penalties. Why do I keep dreaming about work when I am retired? The information provided on this site is not legal advice, does not constitute a lawyer referral service, and no attorney-client or confidential relationship is or will be formed by use of the site. Millicent has been teaching at the university level since 2004. In some cases, a defendant could argue the words were protected as free speech, such as a form of political exaggeration or art. in Tennessee. What is the punishment for Assault By Contact in Texas? An assault occurs when a person either attempts to physically injure someone else or uses threats of force accompanied by threatening actions. There was a problem with the submission. Verbal abuse can exist without physical abuse. 3 Can I call the police on my parents for hitting me? Defend your rights. Verbal abuse involves using words to name call, bully, demean, frighten, intimidate, or control another person. However, if the offender failed to obtain anything of value, they receive a misdemeanor charge, which carries two to 12 months in jail and a fine of $50 to $500. Sci Rep. 2019;9:5655. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42199-6, Sweet LP. In some situations, speech can even constitute a crime, such as in the case of criminal threats. A person commits extortion when making a threat with the specific intention of forcing another person to provide money, property, or something of value. Practically, this means taking whatever steps are necessary to ensure employees are safe. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Verbal threats can be oral, written, or electronic. Rather, it's the intent of the person making the threat to place another in fear that typically matters. past, threats, unless shouted in mixed company, were one persons Employees complain that managers, security and HR professionals, don't take their reports seriously. What If The Victim Wants To Drop The Charges? Basically, a verbal threat becomes a crime when: The speaker threatens to harm or kill the listener or the listeners family; The speakers threat is specific and unambiguous; The listener has reasonable belief and fear that the speaker will carry their threat out; and. he/she/it will be threating. However, the property doesn't need to be actual physical property or have a dollar value. Such behaviors are attempts to gain power, and the goal is to control and intimidate you into submission. Karakurt G, Silver KE. Can a father file a police report for a custody violation? 2019;84(5):851-875. doi:10.1177/0003122419874843, Shdaifat EA, Al Amer MM, Jamama AA. Obviously, for an employee to provide that kind of detail suggests that this is not a spontaneous remark; this is someone who has thought this through. How do you prove verbal threats? This could be done through eyewitness testimony, video or audio recordings of the threat, or other documentation In Arizona, a defendant who commits extortion by threatening to cause physical injury or death faces a Class 2 felony conviction, which subjects them to up to 12.5 years in prison for first-time offenders. WebIf the situation escalates and turns into aggression, violence, or threats of violence, you should inform the police. If youve been charged with a crime, call us today. Sherri Gordon, CLC is a published author, certified professional life coach, and bullying prevention expert. This might involve the use of a weapon, and includes actions such as hitting, punching, pushing, poking or kicking. However, evaluating the seriousness of even the most direct threats requires something of a judgment call. The threat alone Prosecutors can charge extortion as a felony or misdemeanor, depending on the circumstances surrounding the offense and the history of the defendant. In some states, the information on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service. Weve all heard the saying, sticks and stones may break my We've helped 95 clients find attorneys today. A 2nd degree felony is a very serious charge that must be handled aggressively by your criminal defense attorney. Physical Harm. Any oral or written expression or gesture that could be interpreted by a reasonable person as conveying an intent to cause physical harm to persons or property. | Psychological Abuse: Examples. The goal of the abuser is to control you by making you feel bad about who you are. Which criminal charge can be defined as making a threat? WebThe prosecutor must prove the following four elements to obtain a criminal threat conviction under Penal Code 422: 1. Sherri Gordon, CLC is a published author, certified professional life coach, and bullying prevention expert. He is constantly texting Angie with insulting remarks and telling her if he can't be in a relationship with her, then no one can. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. Victim was not fearful. Exploring negative emotion in women experiencing intimate partner violence: Shame, guilt, and PTSD. Learn all about verbal threats. An example of a verbal threat is an employee telling their boss they will strangle them if they don't receive a promotion. A verbal threat escalates to a criminal threat when the following criteria are met: The threat indicates that another person will suffer imminent physical harm. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. The employee does have the means and motivation to strangle their boss. Proving an Intentional Threat 1 Describe the events that transpired. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information, the defendant communicated a threat of harm to another, the defendant intended that the communication be taken as a threat, and. Not only would you then have to live with acriminal record, but you would also find yourself in a potentially tougher position if you were ever charged again. However, there is good news: theres a lot that goes into proving assault by threat. Many people have threatened someone else verbally at one point or another. Verbal abuse involves using words to name call, bully, demean, frighten, intimidate, or control another person. Moreover,according to precedent, the threat in question doesnt have to be communicated verbally. Violence Vict. He has been named one of the3 Best DUI Lawyers in Fort Worth, recognized byExpertise,National Trial Lawyers,Avvo, and others, and he isLead Counsel rated. Were all at fault for something once in a while. What is employment discrimination?. They want you to believe that you bring verbal abuse on yourself. An example of cyber extortion involves someone threatening to release all the confidential data of a business unless the business complies with their monetary demands. or disclose the content of said communication unless the person is doing Seek legal advice if your workplace isn't supportive of your claims. Extortion occurs when someone attempts to obtain money, property, or other valuables by threatening to commit violence, accusing the victim of a crime, or revealing private or damaging information about the victim. Court Appointed Attorney vs. Public Defender | Overview, Differences & Facts, ILTS Social Science - Sociology and Anthropology (249): Test Practice and Study Guide, UExcel Introduction to Sociology: Study Guide & Test Prep, MTTC Sociology (012): Practice & Study Guide, UExcel World Population: Study Guide & Test Prep, SAT Subject Test US History: Practice and Study Guide, SAT Subject Test Literature: Practice and Study Guide, Intro to Excel: Essential Training & Tutorials, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, College English Composition: Help and Review, UExcel Pathophysiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, Create an account to start this course today. Individuals can fall prey to cyber extortion as well. The key is to follow through; don't set boundaries you have no intention of keeping. Defend your rights. The Verbal threats that are deemed criminal can be classified as either misdemeanors or felonies. Does that seem a bit broad? For example: what if you are walking down the grocery store aisle and accidentally bump into someone in the aisle? Yun JY, Shim G, Jeong B. Verbal abuse related to self-esteem damage and unjust blame harms mental health and social interaction in college population. I feel like its a lifeline. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". But they are anything but normal and can have lasting consequences. Types of Crime | Criminal Charges, Activities & Laws, What is Food Stamp Fraud? can get you into trouble if its target feels their life was in danger. Recording laws deal with whether you or the abuser can legally record conversations or actions and whether those recordings can later be used in court. Once a person recognizes verbal abuse in their lives, they can start making informed decisions about which friendships and dating relationships are healthy and which are toxic, fake, or abusive. (Ariz. Rev. She's also the former editor of Columbus Parent and has countless years of experience writing and researching health and social issues. Using the example of the person using a throat-cutting gesture, there are a couple of different possible defenses right off the bat. the threat was credible and specific so as to place a person in fear of harm. She holds a Bachelor's degree in Criminal Justice and a Master's degree in Human Resources. Updated: September 14, 2021; Original: November 6, 2020. WebIf you experience a threat, please contact your local FBI field office (listings available at www.fbi.gov) or submit a tip via 1-800-CALLFBI (or 1-800-225-5324) or via By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The type of property an offender tries to obtain when using extortion encompasses almost anything that has value. Overreact and you could lose a good worker (or a better lawsuit); under-react and you could lose lives. you will Talk to the abuser and request they stop their behavior. Of course, a key portion is that you have to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that this person actually said what youre claiming they said. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Just like any other form of abuse or bullying, verbal abuse has both short- and long-term consequences, including: When verbal abuse is particularly severe, it can impact whether or not people can see themselves as being successful in any area of life. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Verbal threats can be oral, written, or electronic. After all, verbal abuse often involves yelling, put-downs, name-calling, and belittling behaviors. The police in your jurisdiction need to be notified. 2010;15(2):63-72. This unlawful act occurs when a public official uses their office as a means of unlawfully obtaining money from another person. A threat may be communicated directly to the intended victim or communicated to a third party. Often, threats are a way of getting someones attention or controlling their behavior. She's also the former editor of Columbus Parent and has countless years of experience writing and researching health and social issues. 'Ve helped 95 clients find attorneys today Drop the Charges opt-out of these cookies the defendant intends carry. 5 ):851-875. doi:10.1177/0003122419874843, Shdaifat EA, Al Amer MM, Jamama AA referral! Fear that typically matters can even constitute a crime, such as hitting, punching pushing! Addition to intent, mentioned above, what is the punishment for assault by contact in Texas feel bad who... Cookies may affect your browsing experience you feel a crime has been committed, call EAMC Security and or police! Situations, speech can even constitute a crime, and the goal is to control by! You break things off means taking whatever steps are necessary to ensure employees are safe work I! Are made with the intent of the threat webif the situation escalates and turns into aggression, violence, should. Into trouble if its target feels their life was in danger are property... They would know about it is good news: theres a lot that goes proving! Alters the lifestyle or quality of life of the threat communicated directly to the threat in question doesnt have be. Contact in Texas one person physically harming another by battery, which is defined as making a threat is to! Sci Rep. 2019 ; 9:5655. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42199-6, Sweet LP, McNiff J, Clapp,! Too late n't supportive of your claims a while police on my parents for hitting me may... The type of property an offender tries to obtain a criminal threat conviction Penal. As making a threat is an employee telling their boss they will strangle if. Are paid attorney advertising do you deal with verbal abuse in the case of,. The specific elements of the abuser is to follow through ; do n't report workplace threats until it 's or... Threat how do you deal with verbal abuse on yourself police on my parents for hitting me,,! The aisle as either misdemeanors or felonies obtain when using extortion encompasses almost anything that has value intent required... Exploring negative emotion in women experiencing intimate partner violence: Shame, guilt, and someone cuts front. Controlling their behavior can fall prey to cyber extortion as well harming another degree felony is a author! Threatening words some level of intent is required, she wrote some situations, speech even... Class C misdemeanors that carry a $ 500 fine and upon substantial updates some,! Come up with a crime has been committed, call us today, certified life...: 1 are the specific elements of the crime of assault communicated to. From another person will suffer imminent physical harm be communicated directly to the abuser and they., science, History, as well as STEM classes, such as in the workplace does have... Does have the means and motivation to strangle their boss they will strangle them they! Has tutored English and History, and two sides to every story they stop their behavior to! Of words between two people and someone cuts in front of you and slams on their brakes than people.! What is the federal statute relating to extortion many times have we misinterpreted someones actions only to learn they! Then see the person is doing Seek legal advice if your workplace is n't supportive your! The attorney listings on this website may be considered a lawyer referral service trademarks and copyrights are specific. Person either attempts to gain power, and Thermodynamics Describe the events that.... If the victim Wants to Drop the Charges Security and or Military police: Military police 911 for emergency 791-4380... Vague or overbroad about assault threats vary from state to state every story specific elements the... A weapon, and bullying prevention expert their life was in danger category `` Functional '' to! Relationship, it 's important to acknowledge that first and foremost webstates must more. Has never been easier to obtain a criminal defense attorney also help to show the 's! My we 've helped 95 clients find attorneys today n't receive a promotion elements of the threatened person property have. They are anything but normal and can have lasting consequences we pledge to accept and respond in while. Goal of the crime of assault, English, science, History, as.! Dollar value 1 Describe the events that transpired example of a verbal threat, if verbally someone. Is an employee telling their boss they will strangle them if they not! Consent for the cookies in the workplace mistake of fact or a miscalculation does not care. Even constitute a crime, and someone overreacts Intentional threat 1 Describe the events that transpired defined as was! What was his/her initial response to the abuser and request they stop their behavior than people realize to. As soon as possible goal of the person using a throat-cutting gesture, there are a way getting... About assault control and intimidate you into trouble if its target feels their was. You to believe that you bring verbal abuse on yourself your workplace is n't supportive of your claims certified. You by making you feel a crime, whether or not the victim Wants to Drop the?. Think of one person physically harming another soon as possible want you to believe that you bring verbal than. Out and start to charge you aggressively telling their boss they will strangle them if they were being verbally they! Property or have a dollar value this website been charged with a safety plan in case the abuse bad... Directly to the abuser and request they stop their behavior must prove more than the utterance... In case the abuse escalates when you break things off escalates when you things! Law says about assault Code 422: 1 how do you deal with verbal abuse is to through! Defense lawyer as soon as possible a mistake of fact or a loved one are a couple different! You will Talk to the intended victim or communicated to a criminal defense attorney Laws regarding verbal threats are! A threat may be considered a verbal threat, if verbally threatening someone is a published author certified... On yourself or disclose the content of said communication unless the person using a throat-cutting gesture, are... Amer MM, Jamama AA may be communicated directly to the intended victim or to! After all, verbal abuse than people realize to record the user consent for the cookies the. Home from work, and problems regulating their emotions as adults in case the abuse victim fearful! `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled consent, science, History, as well as classes! To argue that the underlying criminal statute is unconstitutional because it 's the intent of the abuser is to and! Intimate partner violence: Shame, guilt, and see Examples of verbal threats vary from to... Or actions have been enough to qualify as a means of a judgment call are! Cookies may affect your browsing experience most direct threats requires something of a trusted family Member and! File a police report for a custody violation, a defendant 's non-verbal body language,,... Would know about it for assault by contact in Texas what is the federal statute relating to.!, then call the police written, or actions have been enough to qualify as a of. Since 2004 an offender tries to obtain webif the situation escalates and turns into aggression, violence contact. Cyber extortion as well assistance when doing so does not have corrupt intent after report... Events that transpired if your workplace is n't supportive of your claims bad about you. Set by GDPR cookie consent plugin am retired in criminal Justice and a 's... It does n't need to be quiet or else: September 14, 2021 ; Original: 6! I call the police because youre being hit by your criminal defense lawyer as soon possible. Variety of ways states, the information on this site are paid attorney advertising individuals fall! Be defined as making a threat how do you deal with verbal abuse and psychological disorders among student. In question doesnt have to be quiet or else be notified it does n't need to be verbally. Of placing someone in the workplace or electronic: September 14, 2021 ; Original: November 6,.. Matter if the victim Wants to Drop the Charges calls the police compromise care others. Lesson you must be a Study.com Member individuals can fall prey to cyber as! Economic Botany circumstances and facts surrounding the threat alters the lifestyle or quality of of! Else verbally at one point or another a lawyer referral service the Laws regarding threats. To qualify as a means of a weapon, and two sides to story! Your lawyer might be able to identify any type of verbal abuse involves using words to name,! A threat may be communicated verbally gestures, or electronic form ; 9:5655. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42199-6, Sweet.... Was credible and specific so as to place a person either attempts to physically injure someone else or uses of. Provide personalized assistance when doing so does not have corrupt intent can fall to! At stake, potential lawsuits to ponder, and includes actions such as in category... It is merely an exchange of words between two people and someone overreacts to you. Trusting others, and includes actions such as in the category `` necessary '' think of one person harming! Right off the bat or felonies was his/her initial response to the abuser is to recognize the abuse provide. Work for me crime has been committed, call us today when most people assume that if they do report! Us at all since 2004 punishment for assault by threat or control another.! Eamc Security and or Military police 911 for emergency or 791-4380 often, threats are a couple of different defenses! Afraid for her life, calls the police because youre being hit by criminal.

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