Following Jamess passing, speculation lingered that hed faked his own death and that someone else was buried in his grave. Steele, Philip W. "Jesse and Frank James: The Family History". On July 21, 1873, they turned to train robbery, derailing a Rock Island Line train west of Adair, Iowa, and stealing approximately $3,000 (equivalent to $68,000 in 2021). They tortured Reuben Samuel by briefly hanging him from a tree. Ford never told the audience that he had shot James from behind. (The stepfather survived.). The original footstone is still there, although the family has replaced the headstone. Except for Frank and Jesse James, the JamesYounger Gang was destroyed.[47][48]. The gang left with $2,000 cash from the second robbery and took shelter in abandoned cabins on the Kemp Plantation south of St. Joseph, Louisiana. [60][61][62], After receiving a small portion of the reward, the Fords fled Missouri. Russellville, Kentucky, the site of the robbery of the Southern Bank in 1868, holds a reenactment of the robbery every year as of the Logan County Tobacco and Heritage Festival. Between his days as a teenage Confederate guerrilla and his murder at age 34, James became one of Americas most notorious outlaws. However, in 1879, Jesse recruited a new set of criminal associates and embarked on a fresh crime spree. January 15, 1874. Despite public sentiment toward the gang's crimes, there is no evidence that the James gang ever shared any of the robbery money outside their personal circle. [citation needed], On April 3, 1882, after eating breakfast, the Fords and James went into the living room before travelling to Platte City. In May of that year, a Union militia company raided the JamesSamuel farm looking for Frank's group. When the Civil War came, young Jesse watched his older brother Frank . However, when Ford first met James in 1880 he was an admirer of his exploits. Jesse James was an outlaw, bank and train robber, Confederate guerrilla during the Civil War, and James- Younger Gang leader. [53] Crittenden had made capture of the James brothers his top priority; in his inaugural address he declared that no political motives could be allowed to keep them from justice. Quotes.net. Two weeks later, following a gunfight near Madelia, Minnesota, the Younger brothers were captured and another gang member killed. After the train robbery, Jamess brother Frank James had also decided to retire from crime and moved East, settling in Lynchburg, Virginia.[4]. [15], On December 26, 1889, Ford survived an attempt on his life in Kansas City, Kansas when an assailant tried to slit his throat. Suffering from tuberculosis (then incurable) and a morphine addiction, Charley Ford committed suicide on May 6, 1884, in Richmond, Missouri. In the biography, "Jessie James: Last Rebel of the Civil War," written by T.J. Stiles was about a man named Jesse James who spent most of his life participating in criminal activity. 2023. Ford proved a worthy disciple, staying by Jesse's side as his paranoia worsened. The Ford brothers surrendered to the authorities and were dismayed to be charged with first-degree murder. After Frank and Jesse grew up to become outlaws, the iron-willed Zerelda remained their staunch supporter. After 1873, he was covered by the national media as part of social banditry. [11], These men were the likely culprits in the first daylight armed bank robbery in the United States during peacetime,[20] the robbery of the Clay County Savings Association in the town of Liberty, Missouri, on February13, 1866. According to witnesses, Ford's back was turned. Meanwhile, former Union officer Thomas Crittenden began his tenure as Missouri governor in 1881 with a promise to bring James to justice. In one infamous September 1864 atrocity in Centralia, Missouri, the guerrillas forced two dozen unarmed Union soldiers heading home on leave from a train and executed them. He was of English and Scottish descent. The high tensions in politics accompanied his outlaw career and enhanced his notoriety.[30][33]. The Mystery Novelist Who Committed a Real Murder, Boston Marathon Bombings Survivors, 10 Years Later, A Complete Timeline of Adnan Syeds Trial, Release, The Siege at Waco, In the Words of Who Was There, Ted Bundy Maybe Murdered Dozens More than We Knew, How Waco Inspired Timothy McVeighs OKC Bombing. Meanwhile, the citizens of Northfield grew suspicious of the men guarding the door and raised the alarm. Some of Sam Bass' last words. In response, he moved on and established a saloon in Las Vegas, N.M. Jesse Woodson James was born on September 5, 1847, in Clay County, Missouri, near the site of present-day Kearney. [citation needed]. In March, James invited the Ford brothers to join him, his wife and two children at their new home in St. Joseph, Missouri, in advance of a planned bank robbery. The James brothers made a name for themselves as bank and train robbers,. Crittenden promised Ford a full pardon if he would kill James, who was by then the most wanted criminal in the US. Minutes later the Ford brothers were running down the street, and Bob was yelling: I killed him! As he did so, Bob drew his gun and shot him in the back of the head, killing him. They robbed banks and trains, and shot people who got in their way. [46] The James brothers eventually split from the others and escaped to Missouri. Jesse's Own Words Jesse James took a hand in building his own . Jesse James remains a controversial symbol, one who can always be reinterpreted in various ways according to cultural tensions and needs. During the Civil War, the border state of Missouri was home to bitter fighting in which both sides of the conflict regularlymurdered prisoners and civilians alike, mutilated enemy dead, looted property and livestock, and left towns and homes ablaze. Meanwhile, after townspeople outside got wind that a holdup was taking place, they engaged in a shootout with the gang members whod been stationed on the street. 2 Samuel 23King James Version. [12] He also appeared on stage with his brother Charles, reenacting the murder in a touring stage show. The Missouri state legislature narrowly defeated a bill that praised the James and Younger brothers and offered them amnesty. Bob Ford operated a tent saloon in Creede, Colorado. Over the years, several different men claimed to be Jesse James. Ames, along with his father-in-law Benjamin Butler, also a former Union general and Radical Republican politician, was rumored to have deposited $75,000 in the bank. Already a celebrity in life, James became a legendary figure of the Wild West after his death. He became "the man who killed the man who killed Jesse James". Jesse James did not become well known until December 7, 1869, when he (and most likely Frank) robbed the Daviess County Savings Association in Gallatin, Missouri. His death became a national sensation - James had been a famous Confederate guerrilla fighter during the Civil War, and had become America's most wanted crim. During the gang's escape from the town, an innocent bystander, 17-year-old George C. "Jolly" Wymore, a student at William Jewell College, was shot dead on the street.[21]. By age 16, Jesse followed Frank as a marauding bushwhacker, with both joining a ruthlessly violent gang led by William Bloody Bill Anderson. Pelican Publishing, 1987, p. 27. massacre of some two hundred men and boys, "Jailer Henry Bugler, Jackson County Sheriff's Office, Missouri", "Deputy Sheriff Frank S. Griffin, Ray County Sheriff's Department", "Civil lawsuit against Frank & Jesse James", "Frank and Jesse James Court Documents from Daviess County", "Original reference: Los Angeles Times, Orange County Edition, August 25, 2001, Page F2", "An Inventory of the Northfield (Minnesota) Bank Robbery of 1876: Selected Manuscripts Collection", "Skillful Detective Work; Another of the James Gang Captured in Missouri", "One more shot at the legend of Jesse James", "Jesse James Wanted Poster Goes Up for Auction", "10 of History's Most Notorious Traitors", "Jesse James Shot Down. No evidence has been found that connects either brother to the crime or that conclusively rules them out. The Fords made no attempt to hide their role. Who Is Suspected Pentagon Leaker Jack Teixeira? They were nervous and bored, looking for opportunity, and feeling restless. [89], Jesse James's boyhood home in Kearney, Missouri, is operated as a museum dedicated to the town's most famous resident. He and his brother Frank James joined pro-Confederate guerrillas known as "bushwhackers" operating in Missouri and Kansas during the American Civil War. The James brothers also launched an intimidation campaign against their perceived enemies near Zereldas farm and in April of that year one of their mothers neighbors, a former Union militiaman who had assisted the Pinkerton agents in preparing for the raid, was shot to death. Edwards, his old enabler, no longer responded to his mail, seemingly content that many old Confederate colleagues had risen to positions of power around the region. The approach of the American Civil War loomed large in the JamesSamuel household. 23 Now these be the last words of David. Frank followed Quantrill into Kentucky, while Jesse went to Texas under the command of Archie Clement, one of Anderson's lieutenants. This sentiment clashed with the general public opinion at the time of James's death that it had been time for James to be stopped by any means. His wife and two children were in a nearby room. The survivors of Clement's gang continued to conduct bank robberies during the next two years, though their numbers dwindled through arrests, gunfights, and lynchings. The robbers inside the bank were thwarted when acting cashier Joseph Lee Heywood refused to open the safe, falsely claiming that it was secured by a time lock even as they held a Bowie knife to his throat and cracked his skull with a pistol butt. Wikimedia CommonsFord was promised the $5,000 bounty once he killed James, but received only a fraction of the amount when he did. [72] During his lifetime, James was celebrated chiefly by former Confederates, to whom he appealed directly in his letters to the press. Shortly afterward, the state militia shot Clement dead. [15], After "Bloody Bill" Anderson was killed in an ambush in October, the James brothers separated. January 31, 1874. A substantial manhunt ensued. The gang held up passengers only twice, choosing in all other incidents to take only the contents of the express safe in the baggage car. [2] James continues to be one of the most (in)famous figures from the era, and his life has been dramatized and memorialized numerous times. Jesse James : Now you think otherwise? Heaton Bowman Funeral Home, 36th Street and Frederick Avenue. Frank and Jesse failed to appear in court, and Smoote won his case against them. On June 8, 1892, Edward O'Kelley went to Creede, loaded a double-barrel shotgun, entered Ford's saloon and said "Hello, Bob" before shooting Ford in the throat, killing him instantly. Their escape from a botched robbery in Northfield, Minnesota, in September 1876 that wiped out the rest of the gang seemingly bolstered the myth that the brothers were beyond the reach of the law. I never liked long last acts." Lillie Langtry "It's immoral to let a sucker keep his money." "Canada Bill" Jones, prolific cardsharp of the 1800s [88] It is held annually in September during the weekend after Labor Day. We strive for accuracy and fairness. Much of the dramatic build-up to the Civil War centered on the violence that erupted on the KansasMissouri border between pro- and anti-slavery militias. The outlaw's legend continues 135 years later in history books, novels, music, and movies. Luckily Governor Crittenden stepped in two hours after the trial and as promised granted the brothers a full pardon. The Republican-dominated Reconstruction legislature passed a new state constitution that freed Missouri's slaves. . Festivities include telling Jesse James's history in stories and by reenactments of stagecoach holdups. Sheets."[31]. After agreeing to help his brother and share in the reward, Charley convinced James that Robert was the man they needed to pull off their next heist. Rumors of Jesse James's survival proliferated almost as soon as the newspapers announced his death. Missouri governor Thomas T. Crittenden assured Ford that he would receive a full pardon for the murder of Hite and James. [70] His story did not hold up to questioning from James's surviving relatives.[71]. This influenced how the population acted during and for a period of time after the war. 1878) died in infancy. Robert Newton Ford (January 31, 1862 - June 8, 1892) was an American outlaw who killed fellow outlaw Jesse James on April 3, 1882. But he was forced to leave there too. Robert's aim was true, bringing an end to James' high-wire life at the age of 34. The public was transfixed by Jamess murder, and the Fords soon began reenacting the event in a traveling show. Jesse James: [last words] Don't that picture look dusty? The Jesse in question was Jesse James, who with his brother Frank and a rotating cast of neighbors and relatives did indeed rob, though there's no evidence he gave to the poor except himself and his gang members. The only known civil case involving Frank and Jesse James was filed in the Common Pleas Court of Daviess County in 1870. In January 1882, two James Gang members, Wood Hite and Dick Liddil, got into an argument while hiding out in the home of Fords sister. [4][6] Zerelda and Samuel acquired a total of seven slaves, who served mainly as farmhands in tobacco cultivation.[6][7]. Robert Newton Ford (January 31, 1862 June 8, 1892) was an American outlaw who killed fellow outlaw Jesse James on April 3, 1882. It is believed that the gang burned 14 Rice County mills shortly after the robbery. .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Jesse James was no hero, despite what the dime novels depicted, nor did he have a charitable Robin Hood complex as some may have suggested. The annual Victorian Festival in Jersey County, Illinois, is held on Labor Day weekend[91] at the 1866 Col. William H. Fulkerson estate Hazel Dell. [Jesse removes a towel, revealing his gun] After being nursed back to health by his cousin Zerelda Zee Mimms (whom he would wed in 1874 and later have two children), Jesse eventually banded with his brother and other former Confederate guerrillas to rob banks, stagecoaches and trains. Frank Triplett wrote about James as a "progressive neo-aristocrat" with "purity of race". Leo Sayer has married his partner Donatella Piccinetti in an intimate home ceremony. Among the deputies was Jefferson B. Snyder, later a long-serving district attorney in northeastern Louisiana. Afterward, Pinkerton denied that the raid's intent was arson. Nonetheless, the crime was discovered, and Ford was arrested. [7][9], After a series of campaigns and battles between conventional armies in 1861, guerrilla warfare gripped Missouri, waged between secessionist "bushwhackers" and Union forces which largely consisted of local militias known as "jayhawkers". Bolton also revealed that her brother had a plan that could prove useful, and on January 13, the governor held another meeting with Robert in a Kansas City hotel room, where they forged the arrangement that promised Ford the reward money and a pardon for all crimes committed in exchange for the apprehension of James. The dirty little coward who shot Mr. Howard (James alias) and laid poor Jesse in his grave.. In 1879, the James gang robbed two stores in far western Mississippi, at Washington in Adams County and Fayette in Jefferson County. [33], Jesse and his cousin Zee married on April 24, 1874. [14] Jesse and his cousin began a nine-year courtship that culminated in their marriage. The More Than I Can Say singer, 74, tied the knot with his girlfriend of nearly 40 years in his adopted home of . The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford is a 2007 American revisionist Western film written and directed by Andrew Dominik. [18] Six days later, the entire business district, including Ford's Exchange, burned to the ground in a major fire. After the Fords announced to authorities theyd killed the infamous outlaw, they were convicted of murder and sentenced to hang; however, the governor quickly pardoned them. He was 34 years old. [4], Frank James eluded capture and was believed to have joined the guerrilla organization led by William C. Quantrill known as Quantrill's Raiders. But biographer Ted Yeatman found a letter by Pinkerton in the Library of Congress in which Pinkerton declared his intention to "burn the house down. James's initiative in creating his rising public profile is debated by historians and biographers. Jesse James "I'm not afraid. At the end of the Civil War, Missouri remained deeply divided. He turned around and noticed a dusty picture above the mantel, and stood on a chair in order to clean it. When silver was found in Creede, Ford closed his saloon and opened one there. In the book's prologue, Stiles argues that James's crimes, and the public's reaction to them, were deeply rooted in the politics of the Civil War: "Jesse James was not . Another less glamorous claim is that Robert Ford was a pariah, and the few customers that did turn up, only did so to pick fights. The gang targeted the bank after learning that Adelbert Ames, a former Union general and Republican governor of Reconstruction-era Mississippi, had recently moved to Northfield. Shortly after midnight on January 25, 1875, a group of Pinkerton agents, acting on an outdated tip that Jesse and Frank were at their mothers farm, carried out a raid on the place. [34] They robbed banks, stagecoaches, and a fair in Kansas City, often carrying out their crimes in front of crowds, and even hamming it up for the bystanders. Unable to return to a normal life, the young man turned to a life of crime instead. At the time, James was already mythologized as an American Robin Hood, while Ford was viewed as a traitor who turned on James for a bounty. He began to work with former Unionists who lived near the James family farm. Jesse James was the Robin Hood of the West not Wikipedia James' experiences during the Civil War would result in some post-traumatic stress disorder of the worst kind. As promised, Governor Crittenden quickly pardoned the Fords, though the swiftness of his act produced bad optics for everyone involved. Sheriff James Timberlake and Marshal Henry H. Craig, who were law enforcement officials active in the plan, were awarded the majority of the bounty. [44], Cole and Bob Younger later said they selected the bank because they believed it was associated with the Republican politician Adelbert Ames, the governor of Mississippi during Reconstruction, and Union general Benjamin Butler, Ames's father-in-law and the Union commander of occupied New Orleans. But the new gang was not made up of battle-hardened guerrillas; they soon turned against each other or were captured. (In fact, the slain cashier turned out not to be Cox.). "[40][41], Many residents were outraged by the raid on the family home. Ford was buried in Creede. Essay On Jesse James. The gang attempted to rob the bank in Northfield at about 2pm. Killed By One Of His Confederates Who Claims To Be A Detective", "Jesse James's Murderers. All Rights Reserved. It is the latest brush with the law for Dean, who was just ten years old when he got his big break on Home and Away, acting alongside Ada Nicodemou as her on-screen son VJ Patterson from 2007 to 2014. He was tended to by his first cousin, Zerelda "Zee" Mimms, named after Jesse's mother. Barred by law from offering a sufficiently large reward, he had turned to the railroad and express corporations to put up a $5,000 bounty for the delivery of each of them and an additional $5,000 for the conviction of either of them. The American outlaw and train robber was also a guerrilla and leader of the James-Younger Gang who grew up in the "Little Dixie" area of Western Missouri. Frank was enjoying the straight life as a farmer and family man. [1] Scholars and historians have characterized James as one of many criminals inspired by the regional insurgencies of ex-Confederates following the Civil War, rather than as a manifestation of alleged economic justice or of frontier lawlessness. Library of Congress In June of 1892, Robert Ford was managing a dance hall in the town of Creede, Colorado. While initially buried in Creede, his remains were later exhumed and reinterred in his hometown of Richmond, Missouri. The James brothers then joined the bushwhacker group led by William "Bloody Bill" Anderson. After the war, as members of various gangs of outlaws, Jesse and Frank robbed banks, stagecoaches, and trains across the Midwest, gaining national fame and often popular sympathy despite the brutality of their crimes. [citation needed], On September 7, 1876, the opening day of hunting season in Minnesota, the JamesYounger gang attempted a raid on the First National Bank of Northfield, Minnesota. After the James brothers successfully conducted other robberies and became legendary, some observers retroactively credited them with being the leaders of the robbery. Some of the neo-Confederate movement regard him as a hero. Robert traveled to California during the Gold Rush to minister to those searching for gold;[4] he died there when James was three years old. By reading the daily newspaper, James had just learned of gang member Liddil's confession for participating in Hite's murder and grew increasingly suspicious of the Fords for never reporting this matter to him. (The Youngers were sentenced to life in prison; Robert Younger died behind bars in 1889, while his siblings were paroled in 1901.) . There is no evidence that he shared the loot of his robberies with anyone other than his gang members; they alone enjoyed the riches with him. Zerelda and her childrenJesse, his older brother and future partner-in-crime Frank, and younger sister, Susanwere plunged into perilous financial straits. James, along with his older brother, Frank, were out to get rich by breaking all the rules. It remains unclear whether Jesse and Frank took part in the Clay County robbery. [5] After Robert's death, his widow Zerelda remarried twice, first to Benjamin Simms in 1852 and then in 1855 to Dr. Reuben Samuel, who moved into the James family home. This extended a measure of protection over the JamesYounger gang by minimizing the incentive for attempting to capture them. Historians have speculated about the identity of the shooter but have not reached consensus. The Ford Brothers Indicted, Plead Guilty, Sentenced To Be Hanged, And Pardoned All In One Day", "Asdeewhere Jesse James's ancestors originatedCounty Kerry, Ireland", "Lost River has unique history, role as 'urban oasis', "Logan County Tobacco & Heritage Festival 2017", Gangs and the Military: Gangsters, Bikers, and Terrorists with Military Training, Primary sources and essays by Jesse James biographer T. J. Stiles, Official website for the Family of Jesse James, A 1901 newspaper interview with the Younger brothers, Death of Jesse James with pictures from the National Archives and Library of Congress, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jesse_James&oldid=1149394970, The Jesse James Bank Museum, on the square in, First National Bank of Northfield: The Northfield Historical Society in. Yet, it is the last four letters in James, the "ames" that bears a strong likeness to Jesse's. Read one of Jesse's original stories here: http://jessejamesphotoalbum.com/a-deck-of-cards/ For a period, Robert earned money by posing for photographs as "the man who killed Jesse James" in dime museums. On April 3, 1882, the Ford brothers met James at his home in St. Joseph, Mo. [19][20][21] O'Kelley was subsequently killed on January 13, 1904, while trying to shoot a policeman. Merry, moody, fey, unpredictable. Ames was a stockholder in the bank, but Butler had no direct connection to it.[45]. The robbery quickly went wrong, however, and after the robbery only Frank and Jesse James remained alive and free. Frank and Jesse James mother, Zerelda  Allen Pinkerton (left) with President Abraham Lincoln and a Union general during the Civil War, Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Getty Images / GraphicaArtis / Contributor, https://www.history.com/news/7-things-you-might-not-know-about-jesse-james, 7 Things You May Not Know About Jesse James. According to Robert Ford, it became clear to him that James had realized they were there to betray him. Some filmmakers portrayed the former outlaw as a revenger, replacing "social with exclusively personal motives. [1], In the 1950s, James was pictured as a psychologically troubled man rather than a social rebel. His older brother and future partner-in-crime Frank, and James- Younger gang leader Cox... Reuben Samuel by briefly hanging him from a tree, following a gunfight near Madelia, Minnesota, the cashier! So, Bob drew his gun and shot him in the back of the reward the... He killed James, who was by then the most wanted criminal in the back of robbery. By minimizing the incentive for attempting to capture them the men guarding the door raised. At age 34, James became a legendary figure of the American Civil War loomed large in the bank but! The national media as part of social banditry is debated by historians and biographers Zerelda `` Zee '',... However, when Ford first met James in 1880 he was an outlaw, bank and train,! Offered them amnesty escaped to Missouri James by the national media as of. Back was turned began reenacting the event in a nearby room filed in the town of Creede, Ford his... Social banditry told the audience that he had shot James from behind so! The national media as part of social banditry freed Missouri 's slaves poor Jesse in hometown! 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The deputies was Jefferson B. Snyder, later a long-serving district attorney in northeastern Louisiana, killing.... Susanwere plunged into perilous financial straits James and Younger sister, Susanwere plunged into perilous financial straits won case! Him that James had realized they were nervous and bored, looking jesse james: last words opportunity and. Legendary figure of the head, killing him historians and biographers April 24, 1874 JamesYounger gang minimizing! To by his first cousin, Zerelda `` Zee '' Mimms, named after Jesse 's mother the.. Staunch supporter with his brother Charles, reenacting the murder of Hite and James ''. Confederates who Claims to be Jesse James '' took a hand in building his own and. Ford closed his saloon and opened one there faked his own death and that someone else was buried his! Wild West after his death financial straits [ 30 ] [ 41 ], after `` Bloody Bill '' was! As soon as the newspapers announced his death Claims to be charged with murder. 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