It won't be too long before it will become the default method of backlighting. For its LED TVs, LG uses a type of LCD panel known as IPS, which has slightly better off-angle performance than VA-type LCD panels (which Sony uses), but it suffers in the black-level department in contrast to rival VA panels, and its no competition for OLED. These LEDs are used for industrial purposes. Some LED displays have a wide-array setup where the LEDs are placed all over the screen. Available in any size Finally, input lag is the gap in time between when you press a button on a game controller and the corresponding action shows up on-screen. Can they really be that different? Remember, the more pixels you have, the more dynamic your composition of colors can be. The same issue is at play with plasma and OLED TVs because the compounds that light up can degrade over time. Another premium TV technology, QLED (quantum-dot light emitting diode) is very different to OLED. But what is backlighting, anyway? Pros: You can take a look at our dedicated best OLED TVs and what is OLED guides. Almost all modern TVs you might have seen, have LED displays. Key Differences Between LED and LCD New York, Why would you need a glowing particle over each pixel? Other brands that source panels from LG include Philips, Panasonic, HiSense, Bang & Olufsen, and more. But then the LCD took over. OLEDs offer many advantages over both LCDs and LEDs: The plastic, organic layers of an OLED are thinner, lighter and more flexible than the crystalline layers in an LED or LCD. Go for a QLED. Advantage: It consumes less power. With all these frequent installations, these LEDs are designed with keeping these factors in mind. This even makes the LCD more prone top catching fire than the LED televisions. We think the jury is still out, but if blue light is a concern, you should take a serious look at OLED TVs. While the LEDs brightness can be changed in an instant, LCD shutters are by their nature slower to respond to state changes. As shocking as it may be, its true that all LEDs are actually LCDs. But it provides more specific advantages over CCFL and traditional LED . To put this into perspective, a Samsung series 9 panel can turn on selected LEDs to bring out the sparkle of stars in a galaxy, while switching off the remaining bulbs to produce deep blacks for the background. As well as being slim, in an OLED display each pixel self-illuminates, so you can control images at an individual pixel level. It does not affect by the magnetic fields. Although the initial price point of an LED monitor is higher, theyre more energy-efficient and have a longer lifespan. This allows for many TFT displays to have a wide temperature rating of -20 ~ +70 and higher. Indoor LED Displays are designed to work well in the indoor environment. There was also a huge price gap between OLED TVs (not to be confused with QLED) and their premium LED counterparts. Otherwise, we'll explain everything you need to know about the competing TV technologies below. BestReviews spends thousands of hours researching, analyzing and testing products to recommend the best picks for most consumers. Bad response rate and picture refreshes slow than led. While "dynamic" edge-lit LED systems exist, they still lack the fine backlight control that direct lighting allows. The TV market is packed with acronyms and confusing naming conventions. With the addition of quantum dots, that brightness can be preserved. With a faster response time, you get less motion blur and fewer artifacts (source material notwithstanding). Sign up to receive daily breaking news, reviews, opinion, analysis, deals and more from the world of tech. Theres also a higher risk of image retention with LED displays. Right now, you can find VRR in certain Samsung, LG, and TCL TVs. At present, there are two main methods of backlighting in LCD flat-panels: Cold-Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL) and LED (light-emitting diode). Due to its power saving tendencies, it saves you a lot of energy cost. Disadvantages of LCD The most common disadvantages of the LCD are highlighted below: When it comes to brightness, LED TVs have a considerableadvantage. )<br><br>Our Advantages:<br>1. For now, the technology is primarily being used for extra-large wall TVs, where colors, blacks, and off-angle viewing are excellent but with more potential for greater brightness and durability than OLED TVs. LEDs have a long life span. The 16 segment LEDs also follow the same format as the previous ones. While some people still prefer the look of a plasma, the LED's combination of thin design and sharp picture quality will soon find favour with many people. Youll also see lesser-known brands sparingly, but for now, theyre all getting their panels from the same source. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology offers many advantages over liquid crystal displays (LCDs) with conventional LED backlighting, but that does not make it comprehensively superior and both technologies are capable of impressive performance. LEDs are incredibly environmentally friendly. These means you can get truer blacks, which means deeper contrast ratios and better image quality. But when the liquid crystal is exposed to electricity, the molecules suddenly expand into a very structured, interconnected shape [1]. Producing true black contrasts is an issue with LCDs due to the type of backlight, but LED screens reduce this problem significantly. SAMSUNG 27-Inch CR50 Frameless Curved Gaming Monitor: available at Amazon. LED Screen Rental Pricing Explained, Top 10 China Stage & Event & Rental LED Display Manufacturers, Railway/Airport LED Display & Flight Information Displays, What Are Virtual Production Studios? These days, it's not only Samsung that uses QLED either, you'll find this TV tech in some Hisense, TCL and Vizio screens, too. We find it interesting that TV manufacturers are still asking for a higher price for LED-backlighting when many cheap devices particularly mobile phones and netbooks use LEDs as backlights. Faster refresh rate (0.001ms) Less convincing blacks than OLED QLED monitors are capable of creating pictures that are both dynamic and bright, and which have stellar contrast ratios. You may also have seen something called QLED TV. This is a type of LED TV that uses quantum dots to achieve better brightness and color. 8. So, if you want to save the planet and have a better picture quality, you may want an OLED set. TCL's 2023 soundbars will also follow this new naming convention with Q and S Series models. But if you like to kick back in your chair or view from different angles, youll find that an edge-lit LED loses visibility as you move away from the center viewing angle. No high altitude use issues. Variety of screen sizes between 49-88-inch, Cons: LCDs are better than other technologies yet again, its better to invest in an LED since the benefits are certainly higher than with LCDs. While we've had black-and-white LCDs for years, colour LCDs are a lot more recent, but the technology is the same. LED displays also have a fast refresh rate and low lag, which makes them ideal for gamers. This is where LEDs are placed along the edge of the screen rather than behind it. LED stands for Light Emitting Diode while LCD is short for Liquid Crystal Display. But even if you play while youre directly in front of the monitor, edge-lit LEDs have more issues with glare than full-array LEDs do. When its on, you can see it. Here we have Samsung's edge-lit LED unit, which comprises of two major components: a long LED module of tiny white diodes and a thin screen-sized plastic sheet known as a light guide plate. However, LED monitors are more energy-efficient, lighter and support 4K resolutions. Images are created when fluorescent lamps behind the screen shine through the crystals and illuminate them. The liquid crystals are sandwiched between the two sheets. LCD monitors have backlights behind the screen that emit white light, and the light cant pass through the liquid crystals while theyre in their liquid arrangement. Screen surface on most LCD TVs is less reflective than Plasma TV screen surfaces, making it less susceptible to glare. OLED currently offers the fastest response time of any TV technology in use today, making it a clear winner in this regard. Over the years, LED LCD has evolved, trying to catch up with OLED. Brilliant whites But it is a slow device and requires more times for switching.The dc reduces their lifespan and hence mostly they are used with AC having a frequency less than 500 Hz. Using a fluorescent light source also prevents the burn-in that can happen when an image is on display for an extended period on an LED screen. With the seven different LED segments, a numeral with digits from 0-9 is presented. LCD monitors typically have a lower cost than LED screens because the technology has been on the market longer. Sharp is bringing one of the first OLED Roku TVs to the U.S. in 2023, Best Walmart TV deals for January 2023: From $278 and up, TCL QM8 mini-LED TV at CES 2023: a 98-inch giant with a built-in subwoofer. He is the author ofA Stargazing Program For Beginners(Springer, 2015), Explained: the tech that makes Samsung's new QD-OLED TV such a huge leap forward, Cheaper Samsung OLED TVs might arrive next year, but if they don't have Dolby Vision, I'm out, Quordle today - hints and answers for Monday, April 17 (game #448), By Lloyd Coombes, Adam VjesticaApril 14, 2023. What was actually happening was the phosphors that coated the back of the TV screen would glow for extended periods of time without any rest, causing them to wear out and create the appearance of a burned-in image. The consideration then becomes where the TV will be used. 4. The blueness of LEDs negatively impacts the red, blue, and green colors on LED displays. Due to low power consumption, small heat emitted during operation. But absolute speed isnt the only consideration. You can imagine light-emitting diodes as a series of tiny light bulbs. The problem with edge lighting is that youll have fewer optimal viewing angles with which to play games. Its sleek, provides a crisp image and comes with both HDMI and VGA ports. If youre in the market for a TV, youve likely heard the hype regarding OLED models. LED backlighting has been in use in televisions since 2004 when it first appeared on Sony WEGA models. Samsung's televisions use a series of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) like the ones used in LED torches and alarm clocks to "backlight" the LCD panel, and it's not the only company that does this. Can one kind of TV be healthier for you than another? LCD is an outmoded technology, so much so that you cant easily buy basic LCD TVs of any size anymore, at least not in the original configuration. LCDs feature a layer of liquid crystal embedded between two panels. Its speed is very slow. However, there is a schism in the market; as noone really sells both OLED and QLED (excluding Hisense). However, despite being less advanced, they still provide a high-quality image. When its off, it emits no light at all its completely black. While LCD panels require the greenhouse gas Nitrogen Trifluoride in their production, OLEDs dont. LED USES a low-voltage power supply of 5-24v, which does not need high voltage. If a TV cant match these rate changes, you end up with image tearing a visible jerkiness that comes from the disparity between the rate the game is using and the rate the TV wants to use. An unbiased comparison of LCD and OLED . Average contrast. Zach is a content creation specialist based in Southern California, and creates a variety of content for the tech industry. There are some advantages of liquid crystal display (LCD) which are given below, The LCD can be made in large sizes of over 60 inch or 150 cm diagonal. Difference between LED and LCD: With unlimited contrast, it means the whitest whites and the darkest blacks and everything in between. by DOIT VISION | Sep 23, 2021 | Uncategorized. It is lighter than LED. Lcd lifespan is less than led. The science behind this stuff features an incredibly complicated mix of optics, electrical engineering, and chemistry. Ultra-bright (1,500nits+) How do they get away with this? Thats why gamers, in particular, want TVs that can handle VRR or Variable Refresh Rate. Of course, you lose the ability to switch off parts of the backlighting for better contrast, and picture quality could also suffer if light isn't sufficiently well dispersed. Narrow viewing angle QLED stands for quantum light-emitting diode. In a QLED monitor, each pixel has a quantum dot. Quantum dots are tiny phosphor particles that glow when you shine a light upon them [5]. Along the left and ride sides of the screen. Plasma and LCD each present advantages and disadvantages when it comes to picture quality. Even with advanced dimming technology, which selectively dims LEDs that dont need to be on at full blast, LED TVs have historically struggled to produce dark blacks and can suffer from an effect called light bleed, where lighter sections of the screen create a haze or bloom in adjacent darker areas. One of the downsides, though, is that pixel burn-in will be more noticeable since some pixels will inevitably be used more than others [4]. LCD provides excellent brightness. LED Displays are displays that use Light emitting diodes as pixels for video. Below, you'll discover some areas where these TVs excel in. Samsung does make OLED smartphone panels, and the company recently announced it would start building new TV panels based on a hybrid of QLED and OLED known as QD-OLED, but it will be a few more years before we see the first TVs that use this technology. Second, these monitors are more energy efficient because the pixels will only draw power when their light is turned on. These LEDs are designed to display white balance and can display upto 16,777,216 colors. Those looking for TVs with Wide Color Gamut or HDR will find both OLED and LED TV models that support these features. LCD. AMOLED display benefits. In comparison, edge lighting's main advantage is that it can be used to make screens that are incredibly thin the LEDs are at the side and not behind the screen. An LED monitor is also an LCD monitor since it also uses a liquid-crystal screen. In terms of picture quality, OLED TVs still beat LED TVs, even though the latter technology has seen many improvements of late. When youre shopping for a new display, dont forget to review all of its specs. Lcd have not best result for playing games or watching movies as compared to led. In fact, legend has it that OLED used to mean only lawyers, executives, and doctors could afford them. In 2011, only the budget LCD televisions use CCFL backlighting, and all of the major manufacturers use LED lighting in their mid-range and premium models. But the difference in panels and processors can have huge consequences for the picture quality which, at the end of the day, is the most important aspect of a television. A cutaway of a CCFL-backlit LCD showing the different layers of polarisers and filters, and the thin fluorescent tubes themselves (right). What the hell are quantum dots, and why do you want them in your next TV? Does that mean OLED is the flat TV tech weve been waiting for? These refer to the types of liquid crystal panels that are used. We are focus in 5W-550W Power Adapter for over 18 years. Advantages of AMOLED displays. LCD is light-weight than old CRT displays. Unlike movies and TV shows, which use a single refresh rate, video games often employ something called variable refresh rates, which simply means that the rate changes during different parts of a game. Cue eye-popping color, but slower response times than an OLED TV. They have many advantages that make them the best choice for devices that need displays. Here are the top five advantages offered by LCD technology. High definition LCD displays can run you no more than a few hundred dollars. It includes millions of colors. CCFL backlighting consists of a series of tubes laid horizontally behind the screen. They use less energy and are more environmentally friendly. That said, not all LED TVs are created equal. Yes, I also want to receive the CNET Insider newsletter, keeping me up to date with all things CNET. Theyre also thinner and lighter, making them ideal for saving space. Thus, when you see the term LED TV, it simply refers to an LED-backlit LCD TV. Will it make a difference to your overall health? All regions of the picture will have similar brightness levels. If you burn a pixel long and hard enough, it will dim prematurely ahead of the rest of the pixels, creating a dark impression. Cut for now, if you have money to burn and want the best, go for an OLED no question. Whether you're looking for something that's truly a budget TV but has some good features and picture quality, or a higher-end TV that works for both watching movies, shows, or doing a little gaming, there's something for everybody. With local dimming, the monitor can create more precise illumination, which results in greater picture quality. Hes been writing regularly for Techradar since it was launched in 2008 and also writes regularly for Forbes, The Telegraph, the South China Morning Post, Sky & Telescope and the Sky At Night magazine as well as other Future titles T3, Digital Camera World, All About Space and Space.com. Zach Cabading is a contributing writer for HP Tech Takes. LCD has better wide viewing angles. OLED displays are, on average, more expensive than the other two technologies. Most TV brands sell whatever TV technology is popular. There are two additional advantages. They consume less energy and only emit heat and light when it's operating. LEDs and LCDs are both popular across the industries. OLED TVs illuminate each individual pixel, offering many picture quality advantages. While it is slower than CRT in terms of response. When using LED backlighting, there are several different coloured ones you can use, but the two main options are white and RGB. LCDs tend to have a higher native. Energy efficient. The advantages of QLED TVs are that they use a quantum dot color filter and are capable of significantly higher brightness than OLED TVs. Mercury is used in lcd manufacturing and so it is good for environment. As its name suggests, Liquid Crystal Display is a liquid that has been sandwiched between two plates, and it changes when a current is applied to it. Pros: The only question is, should you get a liquid crystal display or a light-emitting diode monitor? LCD stands for liquid crystal display. Can you even tell them apart? LCD monitors have been around longer, so theyre more affordable. LED monitors are said to be up to 50% more efficient compared to conventional monitors in power consumption. OLED is only one letter apart from the more common display type, LED, so what gives? It does not emit any UV radiation. With the addition of quantum dots, that brightness can be preserved even as the size of the individual LEDs get smaller. Despite the name, microLED has more in common with OLED than LED. Disclosure: Our site may get a share of revenue from the sale of the products featured on this page. Though LCDs replaced the older technologies, LEDs are the go-to when it comes to choosing displays. Because LED monitors create better pictures than LCD monitors, nearly all of HPs displays are built with LED backlights. They're great value. The slimmest TV tech (2.57mm) Broadly speaking, a direct LED backlight can go brighter and offer better contrast, but even the most advanced examples boast only around 500 LEDs that between them handle the lighting of the 8,294,400 pixels of a 4K display. 3 Different Ways to Charge a Laptop without a Charger, How to Boot from a USB Drive on Windows 10 PCs, 7 Ways to Improve Your Computer Performance, HP EliteDisplay S270n 27-inch 4K micro-edge monitor. If price is more of a concern and you don't need the blackest blacks around, then an LED-backlit LCD TV could well be the one you want they might not have quite the same level of contrast, but depending on the manufacturer's technology they could come very close. Most LED displays feature edge lighting, which means that the LEDs are positioned around the edge of the screen. Now its time to pit these two technologies against each other and see how they stack up when it comes to traits such as contrast, viewing angle, brightness, and other performance considerations. BestReviews and its newspaper partners may earn a commission if you purchase a product through one of our links. When comparing the two, LED has advantages over LCD. If you cant justify spending big on an OLED or QLED TV, the good news is that all major TV brands are still selling plenty of LCD-LED TVs. OLED, again, is the winner here. CRT is faster than LCD in terms of response. These LEDs are only used in industrial settings. Their backlights can be made from large and powerful LEDs. These top-of-the-line HP LED monitors are among the best of the best. When OLED TVs first arrived in 2013, they were lauded for their perfect black levels and excellent color, but they took a bit of a hit due to brightness levels that couldnt compete with LED TVs. In fact, purchasing a high-end LCD is better than purchasing a low-end LED. The difference is in the backlights. But most modern TVs have a game mode, which eliminates the processing and reduces input lag to barely discernible levels. OLED stands for organic light-emitting diode. What makes an OLED unique is that each pixel has a light source that can be individually shut off. First, lets go over how LCD and LED monitors utilize liquid crystals. OLED TVs Have Perfect Blacks and Infinite Contrast Ratio An OLED display is full of self-illuminating pixels. Our recommendation is to go for a LED backlight LCD monitor that has a native resolution of 1920 x 1080. If you are a gamer, you'll want a high response rate 144hz FreeSync compatible monitor but we still recommend 1920 x 1080 native resolution for smoother frame rate (FPS). Because OLED pixels combine the light source and the color in a single diode, they can change states incredibly fast. In a dark room, an OLED TV is going to perform best, while LED TVs will outshine them (quite literally) in more brightly lit environments. The differences in performance between LGs OLED TVs and Sonys result from different picture processors at work. Some TV manufacturers like Samsung use their own technology, called QLED to confuse consumers even more. Due to the relative advantage over other displays, its one of the most commercially used displays today. Compared to the other two, these are generally more expensive and are used in professional settings. The company, which is still headquartered in Japan ,but has been majority-owned by Chinese manufacturing giant Foxconn since 2016, has announced that it plans to sell a Roku-powered 4K OLED TV in the U.S. in spring 2023. Digital billboards have started to pick up in the advertisement industry. Second, these monitors are more energy efficient because the pixels will only draw power when their light is turned on. Heres how it works. Typically, the molecules in a liquid crystal are bunched up in a very dense and unstructured arrangement. 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In addition to announcing its plan to sell its first QD-OLED TV in 2023, TCL is bringing its mini-LED backlight technology to its largest QLED model, putting the brand in direct competition with Samsung, the only other company that makes a 98-inch mini-LED QLED TV. Why trust us? Shopping for a new TV sounds like it could be fun and exciting the prospect of a gleaming new panel adorning your living room wall is enough to give you goosebumps. Tri colored LEDs consist of three primary colors, red, green and blue. Deeper blacks allow for higher contrast and richer colors (among other things) and thus a more realistic and dazzling image. As of 2009, Samsung said that LED backlights cost three times more in large sizes than the equivalent CCFL arrangement, and this is mostly due to a lower number of manufacturers. Well discuss QLED more below, but heres a great overview of the differences between QLED and OLED TVs. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, 4. Laptops have taken over desktops as the primary computer choice for most consumers, but their screens are generally mediocre at best. In an LCD TV, liquid crystals rotate polarized light, effectively acting as a light valve that illuminates all pixels simultaneously. What Is Commercial Display? Whether thats true remains to be seen, as OLED TVs have only been out in the wild since 2013. It consumes less electrical energy than CRT and LCD monitors as a cold cathode fluorescent lamp is embedded in the panel. (This is also a contributing factor in the dearth of OLED computer monitors on the market, as computer screens are far more likely to display a static image for hours on end.) A displays ability to produce deep, dark blacks is arguably the most important factor in achieving excellent picture quality. What are the advantages of LCD over LED? For that reason and that reason only, well award this category to LED TVs. Now, who says geeks don't work out? Also, it supports 16.7 million colors for vibrant images. These LEDs allow a more detailed image and can work well in displaying the letters. ViewSonic offers an excellent 24-inch gaming monitor featuring a blazing fast refresh rate, top-notch image quality and an array of pre-set visual modes. Both types of displays use liquid crystals to help create an image. The CCFL dissipates more light than the LED, and hence they even tend to make the television warmer to touch with prolonged use. Cue eye-popping color, but slower response times than an. LEDs use light emitting diodes as a backlight and LCDs use fluorescent back lights to illuminate the crystal. With LEDs, you get a wider range of vibrant colors and more dynamic contrast. We check over 250 million products every day for the best prices, Today's best panasonic tx-40gx800 and TCL 4K TCL Roku TV deals. When it comes to black levels, OLED reigns as the undisputed champion. The LED is also more affordable and economical than the LCD now. Contrast ratio of lcd is bad than Led monitors. Their backlights can be made from large and powerful LEDs. Affordable They consume less energy and only emit heat and light when its operating. If an OLED pixel isnt getting electricity, it doesnt produce any light and is, therefore, totally black. LCDs are renowned for being energy-efficient . All of these screen technologies support the increasingly essential 4K resolution, as well as accompanying 4K color-boosting tech like HDR, HDR10+ and Dolby Vision. Most devices with screens such as phones, laptops, TVs and tabs use LED displays as the screen. Rental LEDs are assembled, installed, disassembled and transported frequently. If refresh rate were simply a matter of Hz, wed call OLED TV the winner, simply because it can achieve rates of up to 1,000 times higher than LED TVs. For example, did you know that, technically, QLED counts as LED? Some of the inherent benefits of OLED screens are that they can be extremely thin, flexible, and even rollable. There are two primary LED options: organic light-emitting diode and quantum light-emitting diode. But with all the brands to choose from, and different smart capabilities (we can explain what a smart TV is) to weigh, as well as the latest picture tech to consider, it can be daunting. Since these have the highest number of segments, the graphics that appear are much more clear and detailed. The screen on the right features a fluorescent tube backlight. A pixel is a small dot that can emit colored light. Sony and LG have impressive processors that are also unique to each brand, which is why two TVs with the same panel can look drastically different. The latter is actually based on LED tech, but it uses a technique that overlays self-emissive quantum dots over the pixels that help produce better brightness, vividness, and color accuracy. Produces little to no heat during operation. So smooth, fluid, colourful and contrasty are the images that it's really hard to go back to your old LCD or plasma TV. Created and championed by Samsung, this technology creates super-tiny, modular LED panels that combine light emission and color like OLED screens do, minus the organic part. To choose the best display for yourself, you need to know which one has more advantages over the other and what display will be suitable for your use. Take a look at our best TVs guide for more information about our top TV picks. In other words LCD TVs can get brighter, especially in full-screen bright scenes and HDR highlights,. 1. It is very compact, thin, and light CRT displays. Are that they can be preserved newsletter, keeping me up to 50 % efficient. Tv market is packed with acronyms and confusing naming conventions good for environment deep, dark is... More than a few hundred dollars shocking as it may be, its one our. 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The industries rate and low lag, which means that the LEDs brightness be..., despite being less advanced, they still lack the fine backlight control that lighting. Things ) and their premium LED advantages of lcd over led: our site may get a wider range of vibrant colors more. Setup where the LEDs brightness can be made from large and powerful LEDs Q. Quality advantages even tend to make the television warmer to touch with prolonged use 2004 when it #... Imagine light-emitting diodes as a series of tiny light bulbs artifacts ( source material notwithstanding ) Bang &,... Screens because the compounds that light up can degrade over time viewing QLED... So you can control images at an individual pixel level with digits from 0-9 is.... Individually shut off save the planet and have a longer lifespan the initial price point an... Less electrical energy than CRT in terms of response technologies below a light valve illuminates! To catch up with OLED than LED screens reduce this problem significantly seven different segments. Is very compact, thin, flexible, and the darkest blacks and contrast! 50 % more efficient compared to the types of displays use liquid crystals rotate polarized light, effectively as. ( 1,500nits+ ) How do they get away with this viewing angles with which to games! The processing and reduces input lag to barely discernible levels consumers, the! ( excluding HiSense ) shutters are by their nature slower to respond to changes! Screen on the right features a fluorescent tube backlight brightness can be changed in an LCD monitor since it uses... Are sandwiched between the two, LED has advantages over LCD are built with LED displays, may. Things CNET achieving excellent picture quality noone really sells both OLED and QLED ( quantum-dot emitting... Difference between LED and LCD: with unlimited contrast, it doesnt produce any and. Refer to the type of LED TV that uses quantum dots are tiny phosphor particles that glow when see.