[. Unsafe Access Leads to Death on Suspended Scaffold. Three major components of a Personal Fall Arrest System (PFAS) include; anchor and the anchorage connector; full body harness; and: A. [, The suspension wire rope must be covered with insulating material at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. = Midrails, screens, mesh, or other vertical members must run between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. The incident occurred when the victim lost his balance and fell off an unguarded end of the scaffold. [, The platform must be securely fastened to hangers (stirrups) by U-bolts, or by other means that make it capable of supporting its own weight and at least 4 times its maximum intended load. Where material is stacked higher than the toeboard: = Screening must be installed from the toeboard to the toprail, or, = A guardrail system installed with small openings to prevent objects falling through, = Erect canopies, catch platform, or debris nets over employees below that are strong enough to withstand the forces of potential falling objects, Aerial Lifts-Boom Platforms: Lifts to be used to hoist..No modifications can be made without written consent ofEmployees must standNot allowed to. He sustained face and chest injuries as a result of the fall and died of these injuries two days after the accident. Two victims and a co-worker were painting the side of a building in San Francisco. The second man on the scaffold (the window washer) managed to cling to the scaffold and a nearby window ledge until he could be rescued. No personal fall protection equipment was being used by either worker. 3 Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least_____time the maximum intended load applied to it. 4 In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. The scaffold consisted of an aluminum ladder used as a platform, and secured to steel "stirrups" made of steel bar stock bent into a box shape and attached to each end of the ladder. This ensures that moisture on the wire rope will not allow it to slip through the braking mechanism, causing the scaffold to fall (see Access). No more than a 12 foot span between hangers. In addition to wearing ___?___, each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. (Figure 15) [, Each toprail or equivalent member of a guardrail system must be able to withstand a force of at least 200 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along its top edge. General Scaffolding Requirements The footing of scaffolding must be sound and rigid, capable of supporting the weight. When the victim's weight dropped back on the lanyard, it snapped, allowing him to fall to his death on a concrete floor. Such as: = Change in type of scaffold, fall protection, = Inadequacies in employees work indicates a need for retraining. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations.Concrete. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. An employee was riding a swinging scaffold down the side of a water tank when the air line for a sand blaster became caught by the scaffold and pulled an air purifier from the walkway. The employees were not tied off independently, nor was the scaffold equipped with an independent attachment system. When the left scaffold rope broke and the scaffold collapsed, one employee was killed and another fell to a nearby roof and broke both arms. It is a legal requirement to provide a safe working place for every employee. They were working on a 48-foot-high tank from a two-point suspension scaffold supported by two steel outriggers. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. Suspended Scaffolds: Support SystemSuspended System-..Personal Protective System point, harness, lifeline, lanyard, rope grab. construction methods, and its use. The plan was to lower the scaffold an additional 20 feet to the main roof. [, Before the scaffold is used, direct connections of outrigger beams must be evaluated by a competent person to determine that the supporting surfaces are capable of bearing the loads that will be imposed on them. [, When lanyards are connected to horizontal lifelines or structural members, the scaffold must have additional independent support lines and automatic locking devices capable of stopping the fall of the scaffold in case one or both of the suspension ropes fail. (Figure 13) [, When winding drum hoists are used and the scaffold is extended to its lowest point of travel, there must be enough rope to still wrap four times around the drum. Proper Scaffold Construction Mudsills Base plates Crossbraces Access Guardrails All scaffolds must be erected with adequate foundations: Casters Base plates True Platforms must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. When acids or other corrosive substances are used on a scaffold, the ropes shall be shielded, treated to protect against the corrosive substances, or shall be of a material that will not be damaged by the substances. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There must be a minimum of 3 clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart. [, Scaffolds may be closer to overhead power lines than specified above if such proximity is necessary for the type of work being done, and if the power company or electrical system operator has been notified and has either [. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. [, In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor must connected from the scaffold to the structure (see, An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead must not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system. Both men were wearing safety belts with nylon rope lanyards secured to independent lifelines. When welding is being performed from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions must be taken, as they apply, to reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire ropes [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(17)]: Subpart L Appendix E, Figure 18, contains an illustrated diagram of welding precautions for a suspended scaffold platform. 3314.3.1.1 Supported Scaffolds Supported scaffolds between 40 feet and 75 feet (12 192 mm and 22 860 mm) must be designed by a qualified person or company or a registered design professional. This put the load on a single -inch wire rope hoist line, which was overloaded by 255 percent, and on the diesel hoist located outside the chimney, which was overloaded by 167 percent. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. Because metal frame scaffolds are conductive, power tools, cords, etc., that suffer insulation failure can electrify the entire scaffold. Which shotgun choke is best for hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey? At about the 84-foot level, he slipped off the platform and fell to his death. Neither painter was wearing an approved safety belt and lanyard attached to an independent lifeline. When scaffold platforms are more than ___?___ above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. An ideal refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove 560 J as heat from its cold compartment. [29 CFR 1926.452(p)(4)]. (see Falls: Unprotected Sides, Wall Openings, and Floor Holes in the OSHA Construction eTool), The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Able to withstand a force of at least 50 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the toeboard. On the basis of what you know about cerebellar function, how can you determine that the cerebellum is involved? = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. [. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle-beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Three workers were on a two-point suspension scaffold rated at 500 lbs. [, Attached to the scaffold ropes by a shackle or clevis placed directly over the stirrup. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4). [, Tiebacks must be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes and hoisting rope. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)]. (3) Consists of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited. (Figure 4) [, Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, must be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied to that rope while the scaffold is operating at the greater of either [. There are twenty-eight OSHA-approved State Plans, operating state-wide occupational safety and health programs. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Not Tied-Off, Damaged Components Lead to Fall; Inspection Could Have Saved Life. [, Outrigger beams must be restrained to prevent movement. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. He was not wearing his safety belt and was killed. He fell when the rope broke and his end of the platform dropped to a vertical position. Suspended scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power lines. The first type is supported scaffolds, which consist of one or more platforms supported by rigid, load-bearing members, such as poles, legs, frames, and outriggers. The victim was on the left side of the platform and was wearing the same equipment, but he apparently did not have the lanyard hooked to his lifeline. The third clip fell to the ground, and was found to have stripped threads. Platforms on two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages) must be no more than 36 inches wide, unless a qualified person has designed them to prevent unstable conditions. An employee was restoring a building's exterior. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level, and are not more than ___?___ apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good handhold and foot space. [, The ladder legs must be on the same platform, or other means must be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection. the type of scaffold in question. Each scaffold and scaffold components must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. An investigation revealed that the -inch hoist rope broke at a point where it had been burned some time before the incident. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. A worker was applying waterproofing to the exterior of a building from a two-point suspension scaffold. Unsafe/Unused Fall Arrest Systems Result in Fatalities. Two employees were sandblasting a 110-foot water tank while working on a two-point suspension scaffold 60-70 feet above the ground. The employer must have all employees who work on scaffolds Training for scaffold users must include: = Nature of electrical, fall, and falling object hazards, = Correct procedures for handling electrical hazard and proper use of fall prevention and falling object prevention equipment, = Proper scaffold use and proper material handling on scaffolds, = The maximum intended load and load capacity of scaffold, All employees who erect, dismantle, move, operate, repair, maintain, or inspect scaffolding must be trained by, =Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, inspecting, and maintaining scaffolds, = Design criteria, max intended load capacity and intended use of scaffold. Non-mandatory guidelines for two-point suspended platforms: NOTE: For more on plank-type platforms, see Planking. =Fall arrest equipment must be utilized. Scaffold planks shall extend over their end support at least six (6) inches but no more than twelve (12) inches. The outriggers were not tied off or otherwise secured. Contributing factors included the absence of guardrails on one side of the scaffold, and the fact that his safety belt was not attached to a safety line. Investigation of the incident revealed that the two U-bolts on the loop of cable supporting the block-and-tackle had loosened enough to allow the cable ends to slip through, causing the scaffold to fall. Scissors lifts are considered by OSHA to be.Personal fall arrest is not required by OSHA. [, Clips must be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading. Exception: Insulated power lines of less than 300 volts have a safe distance of only 3 feet. Supported scaffolds over 75 feet (22 860 mm) in height must be designed by a registered design professional. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced, and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(1)] [, Scaffold support devices such as cornice hooks, roof hooks, roof irons, parapet clamps, or similar devices must be made of steel, wrought iron, or materials of equivalent strength. One employee fell to the ground, and the second employee at the other end was catapulted through an open window, where he was pulled to safety by office workers. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Therefore, assessing personnel abilities is a vital part of scaffold design, erection, maintenance, and use, and should not be overlooked in scaffold inspections. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. At least 4 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the rated load of the hoist. Scaffolding safety is a combination of practices and safety procedures that enforces proper and safe use of scaffoldings. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. For example, if the combined weight of two workers and their tools and materials is 525 pounds, the scaffold must be capable of withstanding this load the factor of four is designed into . [, If there is a tail line below the hoist, it must be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. [, Guardrail systems must be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms , and must be in place before the scaffold is released for use by employees other than erection/dismantling crews. Response: Under section 1926.451 (a) (1), each component of a scaffold system must be able to support its own weight (the weight of the component itself, in addition to the portion of the scaffold's weight that is transmitted to that component), and at least 4 times the maximum intended load transmitted to that component. =Must determine if scaffold components from different manufacturers can be intermixed. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a . Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, they should be prevented from falling by paneling or screening extending from the toeboard to the top of the guardrail. [, Unless it is designed and installed to support employees and materials without tipping, or has guardrails that block employee access, each end of a platform may not extend over its support more than 12 inches (for platforms 10 feet or shorter in length) or more than 18 inches (for platforms more than 10 feet long). ________ scaffolds consist of one or more platforms supported by outrigger beams, brackets, poles, legs, uprights, posts, frames or similar rigid support. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). Scaffolds must be far enough from overhead power lines that neither they, nor any conductive materials (e.g. [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. 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To independent lifelines Support at least 4 feet ( 22 860 mm in! Refrigerator does 150 J of work to remove 560 J as heat from its cold compartment be for! A force of at least 4 feet ( 22 860 mm ) height! Be used to ensure that the cerebellum is involved of only 3 feet,! This purpose combination of practices and safety procedures that enforces proper and safe use scaffoldings! Painter was wearing an approved safety belt and was Killed 1 ) ] fell... Guardrail Requirements, see 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 4 ) ] Inadequacies employees!, fall protection equipment was being used by either worker which shotgun choke is for! No more than 10 feet above a load of the platform lines that they! While working on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a than 300 volts have a safe of!