There were 684 males over the age of 12, alongside 257 females of the same age. There were five passengers who started their journey in Barbados and travelled to Port of Spain to board the Windrush there. From War to Windrush explores how, despite facing discrimination during their service, many former Black West Indian servicemen and women and civilian war workers returned to settle in Britain after the Second World War. This information will help us make improvements to the website. A small replica of the ship plastered with newsprint was the facsimile representation in the ceremony. Images of the African-Caribbean passengers filing off the gangplank have become part of the country's social history. PA Wire. Merchant ships in service with the United Kingdom Government during and after World War 2 had names prefixed with the word Empire. The Thames Clipper boats will dock where the MV Empire Windrush came in on 22 June 1948, allowing a generation of people to move through the Cruise Terminal on Tilbury's riverside to start a new life in the UK. He disembarked in front of an enthusiastic crowd wearing an SS uniform; he would spend his time in office actively proselytising Nazi ideology. With fire spreading rapidly, the order was given to drop the remaining boats into the sea. On leaving the ship on 22 June, the then 35-year-old began work the same day handing out rations at the shelter in Clapham where the Windrush passengers were staying. New Jersey Student Learning Standards (NJSLS-S) LA.RL.11-12.10b By the end of grade 12, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, at grade level or above. As many of the eyewitness accounts have stated since, the majority of the people on board were men. UK passenger lists do not record travel within Europe unless a ship called at more than one European port before travelling further afield. There, a group of 50 Royal Marines from 3 Commando Brigade came on board and ship left port for the last time. Which parts of the West Indies did most of these . This was covered by newspaper reporters and by Path News newsreel cameras. At the start of World War II, Monte Rosa was allocated for military use. [1], Among West Indian passengers was Sam Beaver King, who was travelling to the UK to rejoin the RAF. [55] The ship docked at the Port of Tilbury, near London, on 21 June 1948[52][39] and the 1,027 passengers began disembarking the next day. However, she struck an uncharted rock and sank after only two years in service. I was very excited.". [72], The ships responding to Windrush's distress call were the Dutch ship MVMentor, the British P&O Cargo liner MVSocotra, the Norwegian ship SSHemsefjell and the Italian ships SSTaigete and SSHelschell. For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday The ship - which dropped anchor on 21 June and released its travellers a day later - was carrying 1,027 passengers, including two stowaways, according to BBC analysis of the ship's records kept by the National Archives. The Monte class ships were all named after mountains in Germany and South America, Monte Rosa being the second highest . Explore 1,027 individual landing cards representing each passenger who arrived on the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks on 22 June 1948. Passenger lists are not held by The National Archives after 1960, when air travel became more common. While doing our own transcription we identified another problem, anyone relying on the details transcribed from that list onto sites like Ancestry.co.uk may be disappointed as, in many cases, where a name was hard to read, whoever did the transcription work for Ancestry simply gave up and moved onto the next legible entry. Carrying a documented number of 492 passengers, adults and children docked in Tilbury on the 22nd of June 1948 to begin their new lives. Help us improve catalogue descriptions by adding tags. Sam King, who had served in England with the wartime RAF, was among them. CARPATHIA 6/18/1912 It was not until 1933 that this picked up again, when the older ships, Monte Sarmiento and Monte Olivia reverted to their original role of carrying immigrants to South America while Monte Pascoal and Monte Rosa were used for cruises, to Norway and the United Kingdom,[4] Monte Rosa also continued to carry immigrants to South America, making more than 20 return-trips before the outbreak of World War II. There were 802 people on board from . [4], Monte Rosa was 500ft 6in (152.55m) long, with a beam of 65ft 8in (20.02m). LA.RI.11-12.1 Accurately cite strong and thorough textual . They included the Polish-Norwegian businessman and humanitarian Moritz Rabinowitz. The Empire Windrush - the passenger liner which brought one of the first groups of post-war Caribbean immigrants to the UK - was used by the Nazis to transport Jews bound for concentration . HMT stands for "His Majesty's Transport" and MV for "Motor Vessel". It was conceived and curated by Dr John Price, Head of the Department of History, in collaboration with Will Cenci, Public Engagement Manager. Among those arriving from the Caribbean were mechanics, carpenters, tailors, engineers, welders and musicians. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. You can rearrange the order of the list by clicking on the little arrow head on the right of the column headers (eg Gender) and selecting 'Sort A-Z'. You might think that would make it pretty easy to get the basic facts about who was on board right. He notes the explosion happened at 5am, and states that around 200 on board were trapped and drowned as the ship's captain closed the watertight bulkhead doors to control flooding and stop the ship from sinking. [50][51], One of the stowaways was a woman called as Evelyn Wauchope, a 39-year-old dressmaker. It refers to the ship MV Empire Windrush, which docked in Tilbury on 22 June 1948, bringing workers from Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago and other islands, to help fill post-war UK labour shortages. [13], After the Nazi regime came to power in Germany in 1933, the ship was used by the party to help spread its ideology. [Note 1] Empire Windrush's namesake, the River Windrush is a small tributary of the Thames, that flows through the Cotswolds towards Oxford. LA.W.11-12.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Odd Claus[no], a Norwegian boy with German parents who was being forcibly taken to Germany, was one of those on board when this happened. For now, the jury is out. The original list is typed rather than handwritten as some were, so far so good, but unfortunately the entries are very unclear in places, so much so that some of the names are very difficult to decipher. [27][25] One German Messerschmitt Bf 110 fighter was shot down and two 404 Squadron Beaufighters were lost; the two crew of one aircraft were killed. It was always our intention to make the database available to anyone who wanted to use it but, recently, we discovered that we dont need to. The project started as an exhibition at Goldsmiths. They had boarded the ship in Jamaica, where the Windrush had docked en route from Australia to England. The vestment features a photo montage illustrating aspects of black history in Britain since the arrival of the MV Empire Windrush on June 22 1948, including the original 1948 'British citizen' passport issued to Alford Gardner, a passenger on the ship, and an image of Sam King, another of the ship's passengers, who later became the first black Mayor of Southwark. You need to sign in to tag. Flag states still use national systems, which also cover those vessels not subject to the IMO regulations. She mentioned that she thought her uncle had also been on the Windrush and we used our own database to confirm that there were only two other men called Collins on the ship, passenger number 588, Claud, and 608, Melvin. Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence [36][37] One passenger later recalled that demand for tickets far exceeded the supply, and that there was a long queue to obtain one. Two ships were sunk in Kiel harbour by separate wartime air-raids, Monte Sarmiento in February 1942 and Monte Olivia in April 1945. The rapid depletion of oxygen and the fire's noxious gasses were thought to have also caused the deaths of the four engine room crew. Archives, Open Government Licence [86][87], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}3700N 211E / 37.000N 2.183E / 37.000; 2.183, Wreck location, in the western Mediterranean Sea. [16] In 1936, the ship made a rendezvous at sea with the airship LZ 127 Graf Zeppelin. Reality Check: Could you prove you've been living in the UK? We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. v3.0, the name and year of birth of the passenger. [13] The ship was also used as a venue for Nazi gatherings when docked in London. She used the Maritime call sign RHWF until 1933[11] and then DIDU until 1945. A future Mayor of Southwark, Sam King, who had served in England with the wartime RAF, was among them. Even when the ship was in the English Channel, the Evening Standard dispatched an aircraft to photograph her from the air, printing the story on the newspaper's front page. Search and download certificates of alien arrivals (HO 2) and returns and papers (HO 3) on ancestry.co.uk (). A military nurse was awarded the Royal Red Cross for her role in evacuating the patients under her care. means Household Domestic, someone like a servant or a cleaner). 2023 BBC. 1948 - The arrival of MV Empire Windrush. The funding will be available for Windrush 75 activities throughout the year, but if you want a grant specifically for Windrush Day (22 June) itself then you will need to apply by 30 March 2023. [13], Monte Rosa's entry into service came just as the Great Depression was causing a serious downturn in Hamburg Sd's cruise business. On Monday 21st June 1948 recorded was a total of 1027 civilian passengers and military personnel aboard the ship, SS Empire Windrush arrived at Tilbury Docks (now Port of Tilbury) in Essex. The original passenger list for the journey of the MV Empire Windrush from the Caribbean to Tilbury in May/June 1948 is held at the National Archives at Kew in south west London. There were 684 males over the age of 12, compared to 257 females over the age of 12. The first two ships (MV Monte Sarmiento and MV Monte Olivia) were built for that purpose with single-class passenger accommodation of 1,150 in cabins and 1,350 in dormitories. Many were enticed to cross the Atlantic by job opportunities amid the UK's post-war labour shortage. Its first use was as one of Hitler's "Strength through joy" cruise ships and named the MV Monte Rosa. The ship, originally known as MV Monte Rosa, was a German cruise ship that had been used as a troop transporter during the Second World War. This is a brilliant resource for anyone with an interest in the Windrush, well done to Goldsmiths for making it available free of charge. Alongside those travelling from the Caribbean for work, there were also Polish nationals displaced by World War Two, members of the RAF and people from Britain. For we need to remember . June marks the 70th anniversary of the arrival of the Empire Windrush at Tilbury Docks, carrying 492 West Indians who were looking to rewrite their fortunes in a Britain desperate for labour. Mr Denniston, who died in 2000 aged 86, went on to settle in Brixton, where he worked as a street trader. Official Number: 181561. Arriving at Port of _____, _____, 19__ [23] During this time, Monte Rosa was docked alongside the battleship to act as accommodation for the workers. [18] The ship made two trips from Oslo to Denmark on the 19th and the 26th of November,[19] carrying a total of 46 people. We can either copy our records onto paper or deliver them to you digitally, Visit us in Kew to see original documents or view online records for free, Consider paying for [34] Monte Pascoal was damaged by an air-raid on Wilhelmshaven in February 1944; in 1946 she was filled with chemical bombs and scuttled by the British in the Skagerrak. You can hear more of the conversations sparked by the theme of arrival on theConversation Booth website. On some pages the typist failed to put a new ribbon in their typewriter when it was clearly needed! Even the number of passengers has been widely misquoted the number 492 is constantly repeated, even by reputable historians, even though the official list records the names of 1027. Explore 1,027 individual landing cards representing each passenger who arrived on the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury docks on 22 June 1948. . The following morning, 22 June 1948 . [60], On 21 December 1947, the SS Almanzora docked at Southampton with 200 people on board. or a port of another insular possession, in whatsoever class they travel, MUST be fully listed and the master or commanding officer of each vessel carrying such passengers must upon arrival deliver lists thereof to the immigration officer. And . Windrush was not the first ship to carry a large group of West Indian people to the United Kingdom, as two other ships has arrived the previous year. [49] Another passenger was Nancy Cunard, English writer and heiress to the Cunard shipping fortune, who was on her way back from Trinidad. Oswald "Columbus" Denniston, who was the first of the Windrush passengers to get a job according to the Daily Express at the time, told the BBC in 1998 that the atmosphere on the ship was "jolly". "But then some of us have ended staying for 50.". However, the case for Claud and Rudolph being brothers is weakened somewhat when we discover that the younger of the two, Rudolph, who was seventeen according to the passenger list, left the shelter after only a few days and moved to West London, leaving Claud, 23, behind. At 6:45am, all attempts to fight the fire were halted and the order was given to launch the lifeboats, with the first ones away carrying the women and children on board[7][74] and the ship's cat. [citation needed], In 1948, Empire Windrush, which was en route from Australia to Britain via the Atlantic, docked in Kingston, Jamaica, to pick up servicemen who were on leave. Please ensure the tag is appropriate for the record. They were taken to Gibraltar by the aircraft carrier HMSTriumph, and from there returned to the United Kingdom by air. Those who had not already arranged accommodation were temporarily housed in the Clapham South deep shelter in south-west London, less than a mile away from the Coldharbour Lane Employment Exchange in Brixton, where some of the arrivals sought work. The UK government was forced to apologise and offered compensation for anyone who had "suffered loss". [82][7] An alternative theory was that a fuel pipe fractured and deposited fuel oil onto a hot exhaust pipe. She was owned and operated by the German shipping line Hamburg Sd in the 1930s under the name Monte Rosa. However they were only able to fight the fire for a few minutes before the loss of electrical power stopped the water pumps that fed their fire hoses. The ship was assessed at 13,882GRT, 7,788NRT. [citation needed], However, the voyage was plagued with engine breakdowns and other defects, including a fire after the departure from Hong Kong. However, due to the poor condition of the document, there may be unintended errors in our transcription. Its previous port of call had been Kingston, Jamaica, but it had also collected passengers from Bermuda, from Trinidad, and from Tampico in Mexico. The stowaways served brief prison sentences, but were eligible to remain in the United Kingdom on their release. The arrival of Empire Windrush was a notable news event. Look at the Country of Last Permanent Residence column on the list. No air passenger lists have survived. The fact that the two young men had consecutive numbers and both went to Clapham cant be entirely accidental surely? [65] Holchu was carrying a cargo of rice and was in good condition aside from a broken mast. [12] When the ship sank in 1954 she had the British Official Number 181561. [4] Another ship was commissioned to cater for the demand the MV Monte Cervantes. The majority of inward passenger lists from 1878 to 1960 and outward passenger lists from 1890 to 1960 have survived (see below). The Empire Windrush arrived at Tilbury on 22 June 1948, carrying 493 passengers from Jamaica wishing to start a new life in the United Kingdom. [4], Electrical power was initially provided by three, 350-kW DC electric generators, powered by internal combustion engines and installed in the engine room; a fourth generator was added in 1949. At about midday, Saintes began to tow the ship to Gibraltar, at a speed of around 3.5 knots (6.5km/h), but Empire Windrush sank in the early hours of the following morning, Tuesday, 30 March 1954,[7] after having been towed a distance of only around 16 kilometres (8.6nmi). Adur, Arun, Blackwater, Bure, Calder, Clyde, Colne, Crouch, Dart, Dee, Derwent, Don, Chelmer, Cherwell, Dovey, Evenlode, Exe, Fal, Frome, Hamble, Humber, Kennet, Lune, Nene, Nidd, Orwell, Ouse, Otter, Ribble, Roden, Roding, Rother, Severn, Soar, Spey, Stour, Swale, Taff, Tamar, Taw, Tern, Teviot, Thames, Torridge, Trent, Tweed, Tyne, Usk, Wandle, Wansbeck, Waveney, Weaver, Welland, Wensum, Wey, Wharfe, Windrush, Witham, Wye, Yare. [29] The pair had twice bluffed their way into the dock area by posing as electricians, then hid for three days as they waited for the ship to arrive. The chief officer heard the explosion from the ship's bridge and assembled the ship's firefighting squad, who happened to be on deck at the time doing routine work. Those that took us out to the Suez Canal Zone, but better still, brought us back home again", "Windrush engineer warned that ship was unsafe archive, 1954", "Recovering Windrush: The deep-sea hunt for a new monument to British history", "The mission to raise the anchor from a shipwreck as a monument to the generation it brought to Britain", Passenger List from the Public Record Office. That extra i is enough to throw search engines looking for Baptiste off the scent. [3] On arrival, the stowaways were tried at Liverpool Magistrates Court. Published 20 May 2022 35 charities, community groups and councils across England to receive share of 500,000 to commemorate Windrush Day on 22 June Commemorative schemes include festivals,. Newspaper reports from the time state how those at the shelter went on to find jobs through the nearest Labour Exchanges (Job Centres), one of which was in Coldharbour Lane, Brixton. Browse aliens entry books, 1794-1921, including indexes to certificates of alien arrivals (HO 5/25-28) on ancestry.co.uk (). 22 June 2018 marked the 70th anniversary of the arrival of the ship Empire Windrush at Tilbury Dock, Essex, the beginning of a new chapter in the story of London. Date: 1948 Jun 21 Held by: The National Archives, Kew: Legal status: Public Record(s) Closure status: Then I notice an older image - black and white pictures of the passenger liner Empire Windrush flash on the screen. There were two main factors that prompted this mass migration to the UK. Enter the tag you would like to associate with this record and click 'Add tag'. privacy policy, Need more context? During World War II she was operated by the German navy as a troopship. It was a crucial moment in the story of migration to Britain when this ship docked in Tilbury from the Caribbean. But her father is sometimes referred to as Nick and that was not a name he ever used to her knowledge so names can be a bit flexible! These could be heated either by burning diesel fuel or by using the hot exhaust gases from the main engines. Many of the passengers on the MV Empire Windrush were former servicemen hoping to secure employment in the UK, or to re-enlist. The Windrush Generation Windrush Day marks the anniversary of the arrival of MV Empire Windrush at the Port of Tilbury on 22 June 1948. The transportation of military troops was not recorded in passenger lists. The ship carried 1027 passengers and two stowaways on a voyage from Jamaica to London in 1948. On arrival a local steel pan band will welcome passengers as they step ashore, with Windrush inspired poetry readings, displays . Among them were musicians and boxers, craftsmen and clerks, all . [30] The mines detonated when the ship was near resund, damaging the hull; she remained afloat and returned to harbour under her own power. [31], In September 1944, the vessel was damaged by another explosion, possibly from a mine. LA.W.11-12.1 Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Windrush settlers arrive in Britain, 1948 treasures of The National Archives (UK). Lets focus on the greatness of people from the West Indies., Centre for Academic Language and Literacies, Confucius Institute for Dance and Performance, Institute for Creative and Cultural Entrepreneurship (ICCE), Media, Communications and Cultural Studies (MCCS), Social, Therapeutic and Community Studies (STaCS), Search the passenger list and see recreated landing cards. Graves, Seventh Engineer A. Webster and Eighth Engineer Leslie Pendleton. Also among the Caribbean passengers was a hatter, a retired judge, a potter, a barrister, two hairdressers, two actresses, two piano repairers, two missionaries, three boxers, five artists and six painters. Participants took a blank landing card and inserted it into . Search and download () lists of passengers boarding at UK and Irish ports and travelling to places such as America, Canada, India, New Zealand and Australia between 1890 and 1960 (BT 27) on the findmypast.co.uk website and also on the Ancestry.co.uk website. Men had consecutive numbers and both went to Clapham cant be entirely accidental surely there may be unintended in... She used the Maritime call sign RHWF until 1933 [ 11 ] and then DIDU until.! 21 December 1947, the Vessel was damaged by Another explosion, possibly from a broken.! Engineer Leslie Pendleton us have ended staying for 50. `` remaining boats into the sea Almanzora!, craftsmen and clerks, all further afield indexes to certificates of alien (. 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Sparked by the German navy as a street trader when air travel became more common oil a! Monte Rosa was allocated for military use for the record arrival, stowaways! 4 ] Another ship was commissioned to cater for the demand the MV Empire Windrush at Tilbury on. Voyage from Jamaica to London in 1948 # x27 ; s social..